The French and Indian War Essay -- essays research papers

In July 1755, a few miles south of Fort Duquesne, now Pittsburg where the Alegheny and Monongahela rivers meet, a combined force of cut and Indians ambushed British and colonial troops. This mischance was to ultimately become the starting point of the French and Indian War. During the Seven Years War, as the French and Indian War is commonly called, in that respect were wins and losses on both sides, but ultimately the British were victorious with the help of William Pitt. However, the War caused England many economic, political, and ideological tribulations with the American colonists. In response to a French threat to Englands western frontiers, delegates from seven northern and middle colonies gathered in Albany, New York, in June 1754. With the patronage of administers in London, they sought cardinal goals to persuade the Iroquois to abandon their traditional neutrality and to coordinate the defenses of the colonies. This Albany Congress succeeded in neither. While the Alban y Congress representatives deliberated, Governor Robert Dinwiddie of Virginia sent a undersize military force westward to counter the French moves. Virginia claimed ownership of Ohio, and Governor Dinwiddie hoped to prevent the French from founding their permanent post there. However, the militia group was overly late, for the French were already constructing Fort Duquesne at the strategic point where the Monongahela and Allegheny Rivers meet. George Washington was twenty-two and commanded the Virginian militia who attacked a French detachment and eventually surrendered after a day-long battle during which more than one-third of his men were killed or wounded. Washington had made a huge mistake that would eventually set of a war that would espouse nearly the entire world.America, mayest well rejoice, the Children of New England may be glad and triumph (Doc. E). Led by William Pitt, a civilian official that was placed in charge of the war effort in 1757, Britain pursued a military strategy that was lacking in the years prior. In July 1758, British forces recaptured the fortress at Louisburg, cutting off the major French supply route. In a spectacular attack in 1759, General James Wolfes soldiers defeated the French on the Plains of Abraham and took Quebec. A year later the British captured Montreal, which was the last French stronghold on the continent, which ended the American phase of the... ... was one that largely remaining them alone. The Whigs warned the people to guard against the governments attempts to encroach on their liberty and seize their property. Rulers would try to corrupt and oppress the people and only the elected representatives could bear on their precious yet fragile liberty. Britains attempt to tighten the reigns of the government and to raise revenues from the colonies in the 1760s and early 1770s convinced many Americans that the true Whigs reasoning applied to their current circumstances. The colonists believed that the excessiv e and unjust revenue enhancement could destroy their freedom. Though willing to contend for their rights, the colonists did not seek independence. They rather wanted rough measure of self-government. Throughout the course of the French and Indian War and its aftermath, England and the American colonists had a tough time in their economy and government. With a depleting treasury, high taxation plans, and a floundering government the American and British colonists had many conflicts with each other. However, these two independent and strongly reliable countries came through their problems in time and overcome the hardships they faced.

SHELTER FROM THE STORM Essay -- Essays Papers

SHELTER FROM THE STORM Domestic Violence is a prevalent rationalize facing men and women in the joined States. The only way to put an end to domestic violence is to acknowledge it and report it. With the help of the government, local charities and the equal of Tucson community members, some different resources have been created to help and support victims of domestic violence as well as rape. Every year in the United States hundreds of thousands of domestic violence crimes are committed, many of which go unreported. According to a National Crime Victimization survey, over two-thirds of violent victimization against women were by soulfulness known to them(Bachman, pg.1). Approximately 5% were relatives other than husbands, 35% were aquantences, and nearly 28% were intimates such as husbands or boyfriends. Females experienced more than 10 times as many incidences of violence by their companion than males. Women experience 572,032 violent victimizations by their signific ant other, while the number of incidents for men has been 48,983 on average, each year. In an obligate to Health Care Providers, it has been reported that medical expenses associated with domestic violence have accelerated to $3-5 billion dollars annually and continues to rise. Almost 6 times as many women victimized by intimates (18%) as those victimized by strangers (3%) did not report their violent victimization to police because they feared reprisal from the offender(Bachman, p.1). In the Greater Tucson area well-nigh 16,000 charges are filed each year, at least half of which result in in-custody arrests. A statistics report from the Tucson Police Department for the twelve month period of adjoin 1998 to February 1999 shows that only 384 phone cal... ...ordinator for ACADV/DVC Legislative Concerns. Bodfield, Rhonda. Hull helps to keep open Douglas shelter for abused. www.azstarnet.com/plsub-cgi/fastw, Oct. 29, 1998. Burnett, Dave. Tucson Centers for Women and Children. www.azs tarnet.com/tcwc/. Cook, Kristen. Forum focuses on domestic violence. www.azstarnet.com/plsub-cgi/fastw, Oct. 25,1998. Domestic Violence for Health Care Providers, third Edition, Colorado Domestic Violence Coalition, 1991. Hart, Barbara. Remarks to the Task Force on Child Abuse and Neglect, April 1992. Moore, Roberta. Oasis Center. w3.arizona.edu/oasis/home.htm. Pacific Coast Publishing Regional bring forward Directory, 1999-2000. Sandal, Inger. Domestic Violence Center, citys 1st, opens in January. www.azstarnet.com/plsub-cgi/fastw, Dec. 12, 1996. Violence Against Women. www.usdoj.gov/vawo/toc.htm.

Sir Thomas More :: essays research papers

I.Just think, if you were a woman you would only make seventy five cents an hour when men would make one dollar. This is one of the conflicts that Thomas more fixed or changed for the benefit of all people. Thomas more(prenominal) did many things in his life he wrote a book called Utopia which was about a perfect world where e realbody was treated equal, he was a law scholarly person, priest, and eventually he was named a saint.II.Thomas More was born in London in 1477. His parents were Sir John More, a great lawyer and later judge, and his mother was Agnes Giraunger. He later married Jane Colte in 1504, it was a happy marriage, and they had four children Margaret, Elizabeth, Cecilia, and John before Janes death in 1511. III.He was a very educated man. He entered Parliament in 1504, one of his early acts in public life was to speak against one of Henry VII,s financial policies. As a result his father was imprisoned but released after a hefty fine was paid and Thomas retired from public life. Thomas went to school at St. Anthonys School at Threadneedle St, and entered as a law student at Oxford University. When he was young he was sent to the household of Cardinal Morton, where he learned the blend of political and religious life. IV.He was a very bright student, enthusiastic about learning but also accustomed to basic pleasures. He loved to play on his flute and violin. Like closely college students More was short of cash so sometimes he would even perform for a crowd of people just to make a bittie cash. He also loved having pets around the house it is said that his home was a veritable zoo. V.Sir Thomas More had many careers, he was an author, a statesman, a scholar, and a priest. He served as lord chancellor, the highest judicial official in England, from 1529 to 1532. He began his legal career in 1494, and became an undersheriff of London in 1510. by 1518 he had entered the service of King Henry VIII as royal councilor and ambassador. He was knighted and made undertreasurer in 1521, and was chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster from 1525 to 1529.

Free Essays - Breaking Kates Spirit in Taming of the Shrew :: Taming Shrew Essays

Breaking Kates Spirit in Taming of the Shrew     In the meet Taming of the Shrew, a man named Petruchio attempts to tame a mean spirited woman named Kate. Much to Kates chagrin Petruchio convinces her father that Kate loves him so they result now be married. through with(predicate) several maneuvers to try and squash Kates pride, Petruchio is met with strong resistance at first when he finds she can equal him in verbal back and forth. The fact that Petruchio could scar Kate surprises her as well. Eventually, Kate sarcastically gives in with her speech about the sun and moon on the way to her sisters wedding. Finally after all his calculating moves throughout Petruchio successfully breaks Kates spirit which is evident in her final speech.   Petruchio undertakes to woo Kate before he has met her. He decides to recommend himself to her father as the dominant male that could tame her And so she yields to me. For I am rough and woo not like a babe.(II.I.136-1 37) Petruchio reports to Baptista that it is a match. Conclusively, he refuses any further discussion of the matter. If Petruchio were to speak more of the rightfulness then his strategy to woo Kate may be revealed. His domineering attitude has limited Kate to express her thoughts of the situation.   From the moment Petruchio sets foot in her room, Kate is most abrasive towards him. Kate makes an trial to assert her dominance by developing a shrewish attitude. They engage in a lengthy verbal duel with elaborate puns. If be waspish, scoop up beware my sting.(II.I.209) Kates puns are generally insulting or threatening, but Petruchio twists them into sexual innuendo. His persistence in breaking her spirit causes Kate to become more conniving.   Petruchio has employed a hawking metaphor to describe how he has begun his reign over Kate. My falcon now is sharp and passing empty. And till she stoop she must not be full-gorgd, for then she never looks up her lure. An other way I have to man my haggard, To make her come, and know her keepers call, That is, to watch her, as we watch these kites That bate and beat, and will not be obedient.

Money Laundering Essay -- Business Ethics

According to the U.S. Dep cheatment of Justice, gold wash is the figure out by which one conceals the existence, illegal source, or illegal application of income and then disguises that income to make it appear legitimate. Money laundering involves a three metre offshoot which includes placement, layering and consolidation (Albrecht et al, 2009). Placement is the first step and it includes the launderer opening up an account at a fix or some other type of fiscal duty to make deposits with the illegal bullion. The placement step is often looked at as the most risk taking step because the launderer does not know the response of the bank and how they are going to accept a large cash deposit. If the deposit is too large the bank can recognize it and this could be conside violent a red flag for the bank. The purpose of this step is to avoid the authorities and to remove the money as far away from the source as possible. The second step is called layering. This is where the launderer hides the money by opening up other accounts at other banks and makes transactions between these different accounts sometimes even in different countries. This makes it very(prenominal) nasty to track the exact location of the money. The last step is the integration step. The money is finally used out into society and seems to be legal, legit money alone it truly came from an illegal crime. Theses launderers use the money to buy houses, cars and anything else that is expensive. Now these launderers have lots of money that they have obtained illegally (Albrecht et al, 2009). Money laundering is extremely Copernican because it is not just a crime that was created overnight. This scheme took time and intelligence to be thought out. We are not dealing with dumb pe... ...money laundering? offensive activity groom money laundering true crime meets the world of business and finance (pp.21-22). Buffalo, N.Y Firefly Books.Perez, E., & Mollenkamp, C. (2010, March 18) . Wachovia settles money-laundering case. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved from http//online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052748704059004575128062835484290.htmlReuter, P. & Truman, E.M. (2004). The anti-money laundering regime. Chasing smutty money the fight against money laundering (pp.46-48). Washington, D.C Institute for International Economics.Statistical data money laundering investigations. (2011). Retrieved March 20, 2011, from IRS website http//www.irs.gov/compliance/enforcement/article/0,,id=113002,00.htmlWoods, B.F., (1998). The money laundering phenomenon. The art and science of money laundering (pp 1-4). Boulder, CO Paladin Press. Money Laundering Essay -- Business EthicsAccording to the U.S. Department of Justice, money laundering is the process by which one conceals the existence, illegal source, or illegal application of income and then disguises that income to make it appear legitimate. Money laundering involves a three step process which includes p lacement, layering and integration (Albrecht et al, 2009). Placement is the first step and it includes the launderer opening up an account at a bank or some other type of financial business to make deposits with the illegal money. The placement step is often looked at as the most risk taking step because the launderer does not know the reaction of the bank and how they are going to accept a large cash deposit. If the deposit is too large the bank can recognize it and this could be considered a red flag for the bank. The purpose of this step is to avoid the authorities and to remove the money as far away from the source as possible. The second step is called layering. This is where the launderer hides the money by opening up other accounts at other banks and makes transactions between these different accounts sometimes even in different countries. This makes it very hard to track the exact location of the money. The last step is the integration step. The money is finally used out into society and seems to be legal, legit money but it really came from an illegal crime. Theses launderers use the money to buy houses, cars and anything else that is expensive. Now these launderers have lots of money that they have obtained illegally (Albrecht et al, 2009). Money laundering is extremely important because it is not just a crime that was created overnight. This scheme took time and intelligence to be thought out. We are not dealing with dumb pe... ...money laundering? Crime school money laundering true crime meets the world of business and finance (pp.21-22). Buffalo, N.Y Firefly Books.Perez, E., & Mollenkamp, C. (2010, March 18). Wachovia settles money-laundering case. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved from http//online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052748704059004575128062835484290.htmlReuter, P. & Truman, E.M. (2004). The anti-money laundering regime. Chasing dirty money the fight against money laundering (pp.46-48). Washington, D.C Institute for Internat ional Economics.Statistical data money laundering investigations. (2011). Retrieved March 20, 2011, from IRS website http//www.irs.gov/compliance/enforcement/article/0,,id=113002,00.htmlWoods, B.F., (1998). The money laundering phenomenon. The art and science of money laundering (pp 1-4). Boulder, CO Paladin Press.

Money Laundering Essay -- Business Ethics

According to the U.S. Department of Justice, funds clean is the process by which one conceals the existence, mislabeled source, or illegal application of income and then disguises that income to make it appear legitimate. Money launder involves a three touchstone process which includes stead, layering and integration (Albrecht et al, 2009). Placement is the first foot abuse and it includes the launderer first step up an account at a bank or some opposite type of financial business to make deposits with the illegal money. The placement step is often looked at as the most risk taking step because the launderer does not know the reaction of the bank and how they are going to tackle a large cash deposit. If the deposit is too large the bank can recognize it and this could be considered a red flag for the bank. The purpose of this step is to empty the authorities and to remove the money as far away from the source as possible. The second step is called layering. This is where the launderer hides the money by opening up other accounts at other banks and makes transactions between these different accounts sometimes even in different countries. This makes it very hard to track the exact situation of the money. The go bad step is the integration step. The money is finally used out into society and seems to be legal, legit money but it really came from an illegal discourtesy. Theses launderers use the money to bargain houses, cars and anything else that is expensive. Now these launderers have lots of money that they have obtained illegally (Albrecht et al, 2009). Money laundering is extremely important because it is not just a hatred that was created overnight. This connive took time and intelligence to be thought out. We are not dealing with dumb pe... ...money laundering? Crime school money laundering received crime meets the world of business and finance (pp.21-22). Buffalo, N.Y Firefly Books.Perez, E., & Mollenkamp, C. (2010, March 18 ). Wachovia settles money-laundering case. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved from http//online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052748704059004575128062835484290.htmlReuter, P. & Truman, E.M. (2004). The anti-money laundering regime. Chasing dirty money the fight against money laundering (pp.46-48). Washington, D.C base for International Economics.Statistical data money laundering investigations. (2011). Retrieved March 20, 2011, from IRS website http//www.irs.gov/compliance/enforcement/article/0,,id=113002,00.htmlWoods, B.F., (1998). The money laundering phenomenon. The art and science of money laundering (pp 1-4). Boulder, CO Paladin Press. Money Laundering Essay -- Business EthicsAccording to the U.S. Department of Justice, money laundering is the process by which one conceals the existence, illegal source, or illegal application of income and then disguises that income to make it appear legitimate. Money laundering involves a three step process which includes placem ent, layering and integration (Albrecht et al, 2009). Placement is the first step and it includes the launderer opening up an account at a bank or some other type of financial business to make deposits with the illegal money. The placement step is often looked at as the most risk taking step because the launderer does not know the reaction of the bank and how they are going to accept a large cash deposit. If the deposit is too large the bank can recognize it and this could be considered a red flag for the bank. The purpose of this step is to avoid the authorities and to remove the money as far away from the source as possible. The second step is called layering. This is where the launderer hides the money by opening up other accounts at other banks and makes transactions between these different accounts sometimes even in different countries. This makes it very hard to track the exact location of the money. The last step is the integration step. The money is finally used out into society and seems to be legal, legit money but it really came from an illegal crime. Theses launderers use the money to buy houses, cars and anything else that is expensive. Now these launderers have lots of money that they have obtained illegally (Albrecht et al, 2009). Money laundering is extremely important because it is not just a crime that was created overnight. This scheme took time and intelligence to be thought out. We are not dealing with dumb pe... ...money laundering? Crime school money laundering true crime meets the world of business and finance (pp.21-22). Buffalo, N.Y Firefly Books.Perez, E., & Mollenkamp, C. (2010, March 18). Wachovia settles money-laundering case. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved from http//online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052748704059004575128062835484290.htmlReuter, P. & Truman, E.M. (2004). The anti-money laundering regime. Chasing dirty money the fight against money laundering (pp.46-48). Washington, D.C Institute for International Economics.Statistical data money laundering investigations. (2011). Retrieved March 20, 2011, from IRS website http//www.irs.gov/compliance/enforcement/article/0,,id=113002,00.htmlWoods, B.F., (1998). The money laundering phenomenon. The art and science of money laundering (pp 1-4). Boulder, CO Paladin Press.

Humanities and Postmodernism Essay

In discerning a relationship between the Postmodern Portal and the Green humankind, one finds a bridge that connects the past, give, and future. The lackluster trick and repetitive patterns of the Green Man symbolizes antiquity or the times of yore. On the other hand, the vibrant and compound nature of the Postmodern Portal symbolizes how one, at gift time, looks at the possibilities inherent in the future and prep bes to face the challenges brought about by changes and transformations signaled by the shifting of time from present time to the future.The spotlight directed to the objet dart in the Postmodern Portal seems to place the viewer within the context of the present. The walls and the arch symbolizes mans entry to the future, while the archaic designs on the walls and the disperse stones on the ground represents how the present will soon be a past as man moves on to the future. The apparent motion of the man, holding a brand name courageously illustrates how people in this generation are prepared to face the challenges and difficulties that come with change through the passage of time and the coming of the future.Moreover, this particular gesture seems to express how man has continually been able to conquer the present, which is strong in allowe him to face the future. Framing the relationship between the Postmodern Portal and the Green Man and developing a perceptive interpretation on the inherent symbols and illustrations embedded within these pieces of art are highly significant in understanding postmodernism, specially reconstructive postmodernism. Reconstructive postmodernism has been described in the lecture as something that is fundamental to achieving a higher humanity.This is because this particular concept perceives that understanding human conditions, through significant interpretation of the past and the present, are highly significant in determining how the future would be like for man. Moreover, in knowing these things, man will b e able to understand himself because of his knowledge of where he came from, where he is at present time, and where he is heading, leading him to achieve a sense of self that allows him to conquer the row of life and the past, present, and future of the human race.Indeed, achieving higher humanity does adhere to the principle upheld by the Northern Arizona University, that to be educated is to become more human. The maculation perceived within the links connecting the Postmodern Portal and the Green Man places the past, the present, and the future side by side. This particular concept is inherent in the whole works of Robinson Jeffers.In one of Jeffers poem, To the Stone-Cutters, he sought to concede to the inescapable passage of time which would inevitably fragment the life of man into the past, the present, and the future. Moreover, in Continents End, Jeffers was able to convey the importance of remembering the past, especially how man came to be in this planet, in give for u s to re-evaluate how we changed and are changing in order for us to reconstruct a much better future that is free from pride that abounds from self-righteousness and bitterness.The symbolisms of humanity in Remedios Varos works are more explicit, owing to how she was able to capture significant and discernible meanings through her artistry. Varos paintings, particularly in the Discovery of a Mutant Geologist and the Creation of Birds illustrate a jointure of the past, the present and the future. The pictorial landscape signifies the unpretentious nature of the past, the involved disposition of the present, and the avant-garde quality of the future.It may be observed how the setting chosen by Varo in the Discovery of a Mutant Geologist was a testing site for nuclear weapons before. The painting shows how the site looked like in the past but how we other than view at present time due to mans perceptions of war, and how continuing human activities that are labeled as destructive reach ing the direct of how war is unconstructive will affect how man will change or metamorphose in the future.Varos paintings also link how the past, the present, and the future are interrelated, and that in seeking to understand these links or relationships, man will be able to view how he has acted to shape the course of events leading to the present and determine how he will be able to act with purpose and significance to lead a better future for the human race.

Principles for implementing duty of care Essay

Explain what it means to hold up a debt instrument of get by out in own work consumption. As a maintenance assistant, I have a Duty of Care that is a legal requirement/obligation, requiring that I adhere to a good quality & standard of thrill when providing care & financial realise to my service substance abusers. Every someone should be supported & enabled to live in an environment which is free from prejudice & safe from abuse. My responsibility under the duty of care is to do everything reasonable within my job role description & in conjunction with my employers policies & procedures to make this happen. It is part of my job role to care for one-on-ones, ensuring that the several(prenominal)s needs & well being are looked after. As respective(prenominal)s, all service users have a dependable to be tough with respect, given choice, treated fairly & equally & non to be mistreated or subjected to all(prenominal) form of abuse. Taking on the role of a care assistant, I have agreed to provide a duty of care to the individual by following the codes of utilisation (outlined by HASWA), following comp some(prenominal) policies & procedures, chore the necessary training & conducting myself in a respectful, professional & competent manner.Following these guidelines empowers me with the knowledge, skills & competence to carry out my day to day t withdraws whilst ensuring that all who I bang into contact with during my working day are protected from harm, detriment or abuse i.e. the service user, their family & friends, fellow work colleagues etc Explain how duty of care contributes to the safeguarding or protection of individuals. In my current role, I have a duty of care to ensure that all service users are safe. I have a duty to raise any & all concerns I have about any facet of my job e.g. inadequate working conditions, poor equipment, poor training, handsome reading by other staff members, raising concerns about potential abuse & bunks of n eglect. My duty of care contributes to the safeguarding & protection of the individual, by ensuring that individuals are safe from any sort of harm such as illness, injury or abuse. It is my responsibility to work within the codes of practice & my employers policies & procedures.This involves the recording & documenting of all pronounceation when an disaster or incident occurs & pass thisinformation immediately on to my superiors & other relevant persons i.e. doctors & social workers. Know how to address conflicts or dilemmas that whitethorn arise in the midst of an individuals in force(p)s and the duty of care. Describe potential conflicts or dilemmas that may arise mingled with the duty of care and an individuals rights. It is my duty of care to support my service users to engineer their medicinal drug that has been ordained by a doctor & to ensure that they are in good health. If a service user refuses to take their medication that is their right, however, this could be d etrimental to their health. I would ask the individual as to why they did not want to take their medication, as in that location may be an underlying issue such as the individual has developed a problem swallowing or is finding the tablets too large to swallow. In each case I would call a doctor & explain the situation.The doctor may say the individual has tonsillitis & chamberpot prescribe smaller tablets. I would thus record this information & taradiddle it back to my manager. If a service user just refused to take their medication because they did not get hold like taking it, i.e. because they were in a bad mood, they dormant have the right to do so. At this point I would try to encourage them to take the medication by explaining to them that it has been prescribed to them by a doctor for a reason, therefore you must(prenominal) require it. If the service user still refused, I would make a record of it, report it to my manager, leave the individual & return 30 minutes late r to see if they had become more receptive to taking the medication. If the individual still refused to take their medication I would record this & call my manager as I have a duty of care to the individual to report it. Another example of a dilemma could be if a service user who is unsteady on their feet, refuses to use their walking aid. The individual is at risk of falling causing injury to themselves or others. I have a duty of care to encourage the individual to use their walking aid by explaining the possible consequences of what could happen as a result of their actions. However, it is the individuals right to make that choice & I potnot force or pressurise them.Describe how to manage risks associated with conflicts or dilemmas between individuals rights & the duty of care. Managing conflicts & dilemmas of this genius, is best achieved by working with the individual to put risk assessments in office to try & make the situation as safe as possible, but still allowing the in dividual the freedom & right to do as theychoose. A risk assessment is not carried out to pull the risk, but rather to put in bum actions that result help reduce the risk to stop the possibility becoming reality, looking at situations where there is a risk & guideing what sight be done to reduce it. An example of this could be an individual refuses to take their prescribed medication for whatever reason. The individual has the right to decline taking the medication, but this would indeed create a risk to the health & well-being of the individual.I would ask the individual as to why they did not want to take their medication, as there may be an underlying issue such as the individual has developed a problem swallowing or is finding the tablets too large to swallow. In each case I would call a doctor & explain the situation. The doctor may say the individual has tonsillitis & can prescribe smaller tablets. I would then record this information & report it back to my manager. If h owever, the individual just refused to take their medication because they did not feel like taking it, i.e. because they were in a bad mood, they still have the right to do so. At this point I would try to encourage them to take the medication by explaining to them that it has been prescribed to them by a doctor for a reason, therefore you must require it. If the individual still refused, I would make a record of it, report it to my manager, leave the individual & return 30 minutes later to see if they had become more receptive to taking the medication. If the individual still refused to take their medication I would record this & call my manager as the individual has now created a risk & I have a duty of care to the individual to report it.Describe how to manage risks associated with conflicts or dilemmas between individuals rights & the duty of care. If a situation ever arose where I mandatory additional support in resolving conflicts/dilemmas, there are numerous sources at my dis posal. I.e. Work Colleagues who may have had to deal with a similar situation & can provide me with advice & support that I require. Policies & Procedures my employers have strict guidelines which can be found in the policies & procedures handbook. If I am ever unsure of how to deal with conflicts/dilemmas I can refer to this handbook.Trade Union they are insured in dealing with conflicts/dilemmas & can easily provide information or support on dealing with various conflicts/dilemmas. Training my job role requires regular & consistent training in all aspects ofmy role, including having to deal with conflicts/dilemmas. This means I can refer to my handouts & notes given to me during my training. Management any serious conflicts/dilemmas that I cannot resolve I can immediately contact my organiser or higher attention who can then support & advise me on the correct course of action to take. Know how to respond to complaintsDescribe how to respond to complaints.I would respond to any complaint an individual had by firstly, sitting down with them & asking what the complaint is. If the complaint was of a minor nature & something I could resolve without support, I would ask the individual if they would like me to do so. If the complaint was of a more serious nature & of greater concern that may require further investigation, I would signal the individual the complaints procedure located in their red folder which is in all the service users homes. I would then ask the individual if they would like me to read it to them & ask the individual if they understand. I would then show them the complaints form & ask if they need assistance to complete it. I would have to inform my manager of all the information relating to the complaint. Explain the main points of agreed procedures for handling complaints. Ensure the individual understands how to use the complaints procedure this would involve asking the individual whether they still how to use the complaints procedur e. If their response was no I would advise & refer them to their red folder.Explain to the individual how the procedure works & when they could expect a response. This involves providing the individual with a time scale on when action will be taken e.g. an initial response to the complaint should be received within three days, then anything up to 28 days for resolution to the complaint if the complaint is of a more serious nature a formal investigation may be required which will take from 3 6 months in total there may be an informal stage where consultation with the complainant can resolve the complaint fairly quickly. Take the individuals complaint seriously, listen to their complaint, be polite & respectful. This involves focusing on the individual (making eye contact) do not be judgmental assure individual complaint will be reported immediately.Offer assistance if the individual requires help filling out the complaints form,e.g. where the complaints forms can be obtained they ma y not understand how the form should be filled in correctly the individual may not be able to read or write, could be blind, or have very poor English language skills Report the complaint to my organiser. Some complaints are of a very minor nature & can be dealt with effectively there & then, but should still be logged & reported to my manager. For those complaints that are more complicated or serious, my manager or following(a) available senior needs to be made aware of the complaint as soon as possible so that the necessary steps can be taken quickly & efficiently, satisfying the needs & expectations of the complainant.Unit 2 SHC33SHC33.1.1 Explain what is meant by Diversity.Diversity means mixture, variety, difference, be it in whatever behavior, descriptor or form. The concept of diversity encompasses acceptance & respect. It means understanding that each individual is unique & recognising our individual differences. These differences can range from, race, ethnicity, gender , sexual orientation, socio-economic status, age, forcible ability, unearthly belief, political belief & many more. Diversity is positive & should be respected, valued & nurtured, because nobody is completely the same as anyone else. Telling them that being different from everybody else makes us all unique & that we must value this diversity & difference that surrounds us, in order to work together to make our society a positive place to live.SHC33.1.1 Explain what is meant by Equality.Equality means everybody receiving the same privileges, opportunities & respect as everybody else regardless of their shape, colour or beliefs. Equality states that because we are all human, then we must all be equal. Equality is about fostering & promoting the right to be different, to be free from inequality & to have choice & dignity & the right to be valued as an individual. SHC33.1.1 Explain what is meant by Inclusion.The term inclusion is seen as a universal human right & aims at embracinga ll hoi polloi, disregardless of race, gender, age, disability, medical or any other need. It is about providing everyone with equal opportunities, choice & access & getting rid of discrimination & intolerance. SHC33.1.2 Describe the potential effects of discrimination. A prejudice is an attitude or way of thinking based on an unfounded, unreasonable pre-judgement of an individual, particular group of mess or situation, rather than on a factual assessment. Prejudices can be positive or negative. If we are positively preferential towards someone, we think well of them. On the other hand, if we are negatively prejudiced against someone, we tolerate them less. In the main, negative prejudices develop against concourse who are different in some way.Discrimination happens when we act out our negative prejudices. Discriminatory behavior results in unfair, unjust treatment. The populate most likely to be discriminated against are those who are different in respect of their _ Age. Ag e discrimination, or ageism, isnt plainly targeted at elderly people youngsters can also be on the receiving end of bullying, harassment and undeserved criticism. Sex. Men and women continue to be treated unfairly in certain walks of life, in particular in the workplace. Discrimination based on sex is known as sexism. _ Nationality, ethnic background, religion. Some people consider themselves superior to those from different backgrounds and faiths. Victimisation, bullying and harassment of people for such reasons is known as racism. Ability. Barriers that prevent disabled people from accessing the same opportunities as able-bodied people and the ignorant acting out of negative prejudices against physically or intellectually disabled people, for example through name-calling and damage of their property, is known as disablism.Size. Some of us are guilty of judging people by their size and treating them unfairly as a result. This behaviour is known as sizeism. Financial status. Disc rimination against people on the grounds of their income, for example treating people living in poverty as inferior, is known as povertyism. There are two forms of discrimination, direct and indirect. verbatim discrimination occurs when someone is intentionally treated unfairly, for example harassment on the basis of skin colour or religion. Indirect discrimination occurs when rules or guidelines meant to guard to everyone unintentionally affect one group of people more than others. For example, a company policy requiring everyone to work night shifts indirectlydiscriminates against single parents or people who care for elderly relatives, and menus that fail to offer a selection of food indirectly discriminates against people with specific dietary needs or preferences. SHC33.1.3 Explain how inclusive practice promotes equality & supports diversity.Inclusive practice is about the attitudes, approaches and strategies taken to ensure that people are not excluded or isolated.It means supporting diversity by accept and welcoming peoples differences, and promoting equality by ensuring equal opportunities for all. Inclusive practice is best practise. Health and social care workers demonstrate inclusive practice by working in ways that recognise, respect, value and make the most of all aspects of diversity. Having a sound awareness of and responding sensitively to an individuals different needs supports them in developing a sense of belonging, wellbeing and confidence in their identity and abilities. And it helps them to achieve their potential and take their rightful place in society. In addition, inclusive practice involves having an understanding of the disastrous impact that discrimination, inequality and social exclusion can have on an individuals physical and mental health.Having such an understanding ensures appropriate, personalised care and support, thereby enabling an individual to develop self respect and maintain a valued role in society. Because peopl e who fail to support diversity or promote equality are usually entirely unaware of their attitudes and the impact of their behaviour, inclusive practice involves reflecting on and challenging ones own prejudices, behaviours and work practices. It also involves challenging those of colleagues and other service providers, with a view to adapting ways of thinking and working and to changing function to build on good practice and to better support diversity and promote equality. Discrimination is an injustice and has devastating effects. The UK has in place numerous pieces of legislation (laws), rules, regulations, guidance documents and statutory codes of practice, all of which are intended to promote diversity, ensure equality and end discrimination. In other words they are in place to promote everyones right to fair and equal treatment, regardless of their differences.SHC33.2.1 Explain how legislation & codes of practice relating to equality, diversity & discrimination apply to o wn work role.In England and Wales, the ecumenical Social Care Council (GSCC) is responsible for ensuring that standards within the social caresector are of the highest quality. It has developed Codes of Practice for all care workers that include information on how to protect and promote the rights of individuals using the service. The Codes of Practice provide a guide to best practice and set out the standards of conduct that workers are expected to meet.The general Social Care Council (GSCC) Codes of Practice for Social Care Workers and Employers directs social care workers to treat each person as an individual respect and, where appropriate, promote their individual views and wishes and support their right to control their lives and make informed choices. Whilst a health or care worker might not agree with the beliefs and values of the people they work with, nor share their preferences, inclusive work practice involves respecting and promoting The right to freedom of thought and religion i.e. their beliefs The right to freedom to express their beliefs as they wishThe right to freedom of conscience i.e. to personal values and a sense of right and wrong Respecting, promoting and responding to personal preferences.SHC33.3.3 Describe how to challenge discrimination in a way that promotes change. Talking to people about discrimination does not ensure that they will change their mindset and, as a consequence, their behaviour. Similarly, the existence of legislation, policies and procedures and Codes of Practice does not pledge that people using services receive fair treatment and that their rights are upheld. If attitudes and behaviours are to change, discrimination needs to be challenged effectively. Another tried and tested method of challenging workplace discrimination and making change happen is by analysing the reasons why a worker behaves in a discriminatory way.Informal discussions, during a coffee break or as part of a training session, provide useful opportunities to reflect on the dire effects of discrimination. Most people using health and care services are liable to have experienced discrimination at some time or another. Indeed, their experience of discrimination may be the reason they are in need of care now. Talking through these issues, especially with people who have been victims of discrimination, and imagining how it must feel to experience unfair, unjust treatment, can have powerful effects on thinking and behaviour. There is no definite way to challenge inappropriate behaviour and no doubt youwill find your own approach to challenging effectively. The following may be useful to consider.Dont punish or break up say what is better.Understand your audience. Think about your role in thesituation and consider this in your approach.State your position Thats disrespectful we dont talk about people/children like that.Understand the situation. Do you challenge thereand then, or quietly at a later date? What will bemost effe ctive for the person involved/for those witnessing the incident?

Determining The Longetivity Of E.Coli’s Gaining Resistance Ability: A Comparison Between The Bacteriophage T-4 And Antibiotic

The surfacing of a variety of drugs for resisting antibiotic for disease-inflicting bacterium has already been a big wall plug and at the same a vital dilemma in treating all types of human diseases. This immediately requires another option, a substitute way of providing therapy to the human diseases. It has been open in previous researches and experiments the wonders of having bacteriophages highly considered to be healing vir drills. John MacGregor (2003) has brought up an intriguing issue regarding bacteriophages when he wrote his research article entitled Set A Bug To Catch A Bug.Apart from the title, his words were As the power of antibiotic wanes, viruses that hijack bacteria and smash them into pieces could be the answer to our prayers. He explained in his article the possibilities of replacing antibiotics as the solution to a lot of virus-causing diseases including virus infections. Bacteriophages were first discovered by a British chemist named E. H. Hankin. It was con sidered to be a virus in 1915 by Frederick Twort, a British bateriologisy. The occurrence of that first intrigue found by Dr.Hankin paved its way for more discoveries performed by a Canadian microbiologist named Felix dHerelle. He agreed with Twort when he also considered it to be a virus and then later he named it as a bacteriophage. Upon his successful experimentations, he was confident that these bacteriophages bequeath be very helpful and at the same time when he used them with the children who were almost dying dysentery at a hospital in Paris. The test solutions were distributed to every patient hoping that it lead be effective, and fortunately, these cured the children for just one night.With DHerelles primary success, the use of phage therapy was further studied. From then on, the advantages it provides were widely spread globally. These page therapies be utilized in a variety of ways. It can be interpreted or given topically, orally, can be injected, using enemas and aer osols. Diseases that were treated by this phage therapy included urinary tract infections, typhoid and cholera. The use of phage therapy slowly melt when AMA or the American Medical Association newspapered contradictory results of using phages. Antibiotic age came in when penicillin was discovered by Alexander Fleming in 1982.Flemings discovery flourished for 20 years making the phage therapy out of sight. But still a lot of microbiologists became very attractive to what bacteriophages could provide medically, improving divergent aspects of health and curing more diseases. There was a time after the Communist era when phages were considered to be the last resort antibiotics when the decline for antibiotics took place. This was indeed an grand situation worldwide. But this did not ferment hindrance in reviving the hidden attributes of bacteriophages.Bacteriophages are defined by Toronto, Funke and Case (2001) as viruses that drove in bacteria and in bacterial cultures, they can be grown easily. This has been significant since bacteriophages are the chief(prenominal) sources of multiplying viruses. How do bacteriophages multiply? The basic procedure in which extension of viruses happens is just the same as the other viruses and it is not affected by any means by which the entering and the exiting of a virus into a host cellphone differs. Most life cycles of a virus are difficult to understand but a bacteriophage is an exception.They are the easiest to be learned and be understood. Bacteriophages, also called phages, can be multiplied using two substitute processes. The first one is called the lytic cycle which leaves the host cell to a lysis or death. The second base one is called the lysogenic cycle where the host cell lives. T-even bacteriophages such as T2, T4 and T6 are the phage types that are most studied. Using the bacterium Escherichia coli (E. coli) as a host, with the use of lytic cycle, multiplication of the T-even bacteriophages can be demo nstrated easily from one process to another.There are 5 pegs involved starting from attachment, penetration, biosynthesis, maturation and release. During the first stage, attachment, the particles of the bactriophage and the bacteria collide. A chemical connection occurs between the attachment site from the virus and the bacterial cells complementary receptor site. A chemically explicated interaction from the connection enables bonds that are weak to be formed from the two sites by using their fibered lowlife ends. During the stage of penetration, DNA is creation injected by the T-even bacteriophages into the bacterium after connecting occurs.This is done when an enzyme called the phage lysozyme is released by the tail of the bacteriophage which in turn destroys the walls of the bacterial cell. In the penetration process, the phages sheath tail contracts and the core of the tail enters the cell wall. If the cores tip has already reached the plasma membrane, the DNA from the head of the bacteriophage will pass with the tail core, it will finally enter the bacterial cell. During the stage of biosynthesis, the DNA of the bacteriophage will initiate synthesis direction of the components of the virus by the host cell.Once the components of the virus are being put in place and are brought together into virions, the maturation stage occurs. When the lyses of the host cell and the new virions have already been released, it is referred to as the release stage (Toronto, Funke and Case 2001). Bacteriophages have been found to exhibit a lot of features. They are tested to be of big use with local infections in relation to misfortunate supply of blood like diabetic ulcers and infections of the bone. Unlike antiobiotics, these phages were keenly observed to multiply inside their host cell which enables them to penetrate more deeply to the region being infected.Another distinguishing feature of phage therapies is its ability to inflict no allergies, resulting to a fe wer side effects. Phage therapies in addition are easier and are cheaper to produce than antibiotics. On the other hand, bacteriophages have their limitations concerning their fatality once they have already killed the harmful bacteria. But these issues should not lower the hopes of the society depending on the future developments of phages. In an interview (Society for Gen. Micro. , 2008), they have shared that modern scientists and researchers have already found ways of prolonging the lifespan of viruses.This new and realizable idea is by combining them chemically with polymers but still this is limiting since it will likely cause poisoning of the blood and is surely a big threat to ones life. The main objective of this project is to determine the longetivity of the bacterium Escherichia colis gaining resistance ability in two different viral invaders the bacteriophage T-4 and an antibiotic. At the end of this project, results should report a comparison between these two, answeri ng which has the longest and the most effective invading mechanism. B. METHODS AND PROCEDURES (EXPERIMENT PROTOCOL)Throughout the following procedures of this project, a strict Aseptic Technique will be used. During the whole duration of the experiment, a strict technique called the Aseptic Technique will be applied. According to a web article research, written by Hauswirth and Sherk (2007), they defined the aseptic technique as an accumulation of unique practices acquired and a set of processes undergone whose conditions are carefully controlled with an objective of minimizing pathogen contamination. In any type of clinical setting, the technique is used to maximize and stabilize pathogenic organisms absence.Its main goal is to simply protect a patient from infection and cease any possible spreading to other body parts. Prevention of infections are not achieved simply by sanitizing or disinfecting. In about more than 27 million operative operations, surgical sites are the third mos t prone to more hospital infections prolonging, in effect, the hospital stay of the patient and at the same time, hospital bills become so expensive. The estimate was according to CDC or Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Hauswirth and Sherk, 2007).The main objective of performing this experiment is to identify the required length of time for a common bacterium called Escherichia coli (E. coli) to achieve its maximum log phase growth. When these cells have already arrived in its expression of maximum amount of bacteriophage receptors, it will eventually lead to an immediate vulnerability to infection. The bacterium E. coli must always be utilized at this stage of growth all through out the procedures to be able to achieve desirable results upon comparing of two different experiments.In beginning the procedures of the experiment, first, an overnight growth of culture will be alert to be able to supply the growth curve with inoculum. The growth of the culture will be done in a shaking incubator with a temperature of 37 degrees Centigrade. The culture preparation will also be dependent on what culture is available, its slope, its colony or plate, and inoculate broth of the culture. Second, a 1 ml of culture that will be prepared overnight and a 99 ml of inoculate nutrient broth (NB) will be taken and will be placed in a flask that is sterilized and flat-bottomed type.Through a process called resuspension, a sterilized tube containing a stress of 5 ml will be gently swirled, will be collected and will be marked Time Zero. The sterilized flat-bottomed flask will be placed inside the shaking incubator. Third, attempts containing 5 ml each will be collected at a per hour interval. This will be done for 8 consecutive 8 hours and will be marked Time 1, Time 2, Time 3, Time 4 . . . Time 8. all(a) samples will be stored at +4 degrees Centigrade. Fourth, the remains of the culture that has been prepared overnight will be left for one more night.At exactly 9 am the next day, a last sample of the culture remains will be collected. Fifth, from a sample of 400 nm and another sample of 450 nm, the OD of each sample will be measured. The LB or NB will be used but will be left blank if necessary. If in case, the OD will exceed 1. 0, both sample 1 and sample 2 that were used in LB and NB will be diluted and will be read for the second time. Sixth, the strict aseptic technique will be used in preparing for colony counts in each sample. The amount of workable cells (per ml) will be identified.Seventh, plotting will be done. A growth curve will be plotted and both the cell number and time will be involved in doing this. Eighth, another growth curve will be plotted. This time cell number and OD will be involved in the plotting. Ninth, the required time to reach the midway of the log phase growth will be identified. In doing this, cells indoors the time length, identified prior to the succeeding experiment, will be grown. Tenth and last step of th ese experiment procedures, the connection between the cells and the OD will be analyzed.All results acquired all through out the process of this experiment will be recorded and will be evaluated accordingly. References Hauswirth, K. & Sherk, S. D. (2007) Aseptic Technique Internet. Available from http//www. surgeryencyclopedia. com/A-Ce/Aseptic-Technique. html Accessed 8 whitethorn 2008 Tortora, Funke & Case (2001) Microbiology An Introduction. 7th ed. Addison-Wesley Longman, Inc. Craigie, J. (2002) The Significance and Applications of Bacteriophage in Bacteriological and Virus Research Internet. Available from Accessed 8 May 2008

Week 6 Individual Project

Week 6 Individual objectify Introduction A new innovative warehouse system it is been introduced to fill-in the case of items in warehouses this system includes autonomous mobile vehicles which exit move quickly through the warehouse and load and move orders to the fulfilment platform. An entrepreneur, Dr Ryan ONeal, and an investor, Jeff Hoffman investing $12 billion in this vomit as a lettuceup capital, Dr ONeal have a good deal of experience in mobile robotics while Jeff Hoffman is an investor with a deep experience in warehouse way, preparation chain management, and fulfillment technologies.As mentioned PMBOK Guide that usu eachy project initiated to achieve placement strategy plans like market demands, demarcation opportunities, technological advancements and customer requests (PMBOK 2008 p. 10) Mission of statement Sturata Inc. mission is to be the market drager in making innovative operating systems in production warehouses. That pull up stakes enable our clients quality production and profitability. And also to concentrate on delivering the best advanced innovative technology with a vision of construct up a relationship between humans and machine through our systems and technology. Company goalsWith rapid pace of technology business our follow Sturata Inc. vision is to be engaged in cooperated global research and building up networks for the break inment of global markets. Our employees are our main assets to achieve our goals therefore collaborated culture is designed to encourage, develop and enhance their creative ideas to cope up with the fast changing technology business. Company Objectives The project objective is to launch the product within 10 months from the start of the project. To fulfil the requirement of committed customers in the U. S. in order secure future venture funding. Company philosophyOur plan to create learning environs to embrace our values and diversity at Sturata Inc. have clear goals and objectives to e reall ybody and encourage collaboration and cooperation among the team members in order to engage them to achieve company goals and objectives. Project Statement To create the start-up company for production and installing autonomous mobile vehicles within 10 months from the start date and the required production operation at a rate of 50 units per week . Company name Sturata Inc. Company business Manufacturing and supplier of autonomous mobile vehicles. Company type joint venture.Company organization structure functional organization structure. Company location Vermont, USA Sturata Inc. Company will be setup in Vermont, USA. The initial market for the new company will be inside the United States after that there is an idea of opening a production centre in China. Organization structure The usage of the Staffing (resource) management plan is to know and determine the required resources types and quantity for the project (Sanghera, 2010). 1. President and CEO (Chief Executive Officer) Jef f Hoffman strong background in warehouse management, supply chain management. 2.Vice president, engineering and the CTO (Chief Technical Officer) Dr Ryan ONeal is an expert in mobile robotics 3. Project manager COO (Chief Operating Officer) YNJ has experience in managing projects under different organisational structures as functional, matrix and projectized structures. 4. CFO (Chief Financial Officer) Vacant. 5. VP, Administration. Miss Yamaguchi has earlier experience of setting up two start-ups in cross-cultural configurations. 6. Design and development team which will be contracted through small company called Ryoichi in Tokyo, Japan will be responsible for the design of the autonomous vehicles. . Human resources segment. 8. Safety wellness and environment department 9. Technical and designing department taking care of the quality issues too. 10. Assembling team 11. Finance department 12. Administration and legal department 13. Logistics department 14. Marketing department As verbalise in PMBOK Guide that organizational structure is an enterprise environmental factor which can affect the availableness of resources and influence how projects are conducted (PMBOK 2008 p. 8) so it is vital process in the beginning of any project to build up the right organization structure. Id rather used projectized structures because such organization supports the direction of this project as indicated by Meredith, J. R. Mantel, Jr. , S. J. (2009) that project oriented organization supports the need of fast react to market, new product development and the confidence of stakeholders in their understanding of their roles , responsibility and the activity control within the organization. In order to integrated the Ryoichi employees into Sturata Inc. rganization two things very important need to be communicated to the team as mentioned by A C Black (2007) * 1st the purpose and the objectives of the team need to be all the way defined and adopted by all team members. * 2n d functions tasks and role of each individual need to be agreed and made clear to him. overlap the objectives of the company and clarifying the roles and responsibilities for the new team members as a project manager will build up trust between you and the team manages expectations and assistant in communications too. Schedule 1.Phase 1) Research, Design and Development 2. Phase 2) Production. And production will lag during the first phase. 3. The product inescapably to be extensively time-tested in a live warehouse environment before it can be rolled give away to the customer sites. 4. The project team needs to be assembled. So employment of project staff needs to start quickly and as soon as they make grow hired they should start contributing to project work. 5. 1,000 staff-months. will be needed for technical and engineering work. 6. Supply chain management set up should be in place by the supplant of Phase A.Change Risk Management In rapid changing business environment i s important to set up a system to control all kind of modifications that could happen in the project, Baca indicated that there are three different elements related to change management 1st the authority level of the project manager 2nd setting up environment among the project team to accept and know how to deal with change 3rd setting up a change control system involves tracking the change request and how handle all kind of conflicts related to it.. (Baca, C. 2005). Unresolved conflicts can be destructive as stated by A. C. Black. So in order to resolve the conflict between Jeff Hoffman and Dr. ONeal about Ryoichi first not to personalize the subject, clarify the issue and make the inevitable investigation to find the root cause and then make your action plan forward to resolve the conflict. (A & C Black 2007) One of the risks that involved in such project is stress therefor project manager should manage team stress as stated in Emerald brainwave Staff. (2005) A mulish three-s tep process for managing workplace stress is 1.Assess the workplace for factors that feed to harmful stress. 2. Implement stress. Stress management measures to reduce workplace 3. Monitor the progress and implement adjustments as appropriate. (Cal/OSHA, 1998) PM has to deal with his stress and his team stress as above mentioned in order not to let it affect his and theirs performance which will lead to project disturbance. Communication plan In order to manage the project and the team successfully a communication plan should be set to ease the flow of information among the project team members as indicated by A. amp C. Black in your role as team leader it is your responsibility to get everyone pulling in the same direction and this can happen when you set some elements like free flow of information, open communication, frequent feedback, meetings and building up a listening culture. (A & C Black 2007) Below is sample of communications styles and frequency should be used throughout the project. Stakeholder Communication style Frequency Owners and buy at Progress reports email DailySponsor, client and project team Product reviews meeting Scheduled Sponsor, client and project team Questions/answers email and cell surround when needed Sponsor, client and project team Progress reports email Weekly Quality plan Product needs to be extensively tested in a live warehouse environment before it can be rolled out to the customers so a well-defined quality plan needs to be established it is important for the company reputation not to hand over bad quality product as stated by Wysocki A sound quality management program with processes in place that monitor the work in a project is a good investment.Not only does it contribute to client satisfaction, it helps organizations use their resources more effectively and efficiently by reducing waste and revisions (Wysocki, 2009 p. 10) Conclusion It is very important to set the right processes and clear out company strategies in order to support smooth operation of the company. as such industry are accompanied with continues changes so setting up management and change processes is crucial to the success of the project. References- * Project Management Institute. 2008) a guide to the project management body of knowledge (PMBOK guide). 4th Ed * Sangerah, P. (2010) PMP in knowledge Project Management Professional Study Guide for the PMP Exam 2nd Edn. BostonCourse Technology * Wysocki, R. K. (2009) Effective Project Management Traditional, Agile, Extreme. 5th Edn. capital of Indiana Wiley Publishing Inc. * Meredith & Mantel, J. R. & Mantel, S. J. Jr. (2009) Project management A managerial approach. Hoboken, New Jersey John Wiley & Sons. * Baca, Claudia. 2005 Project Managers Spotlight on Change Management.University of Liverpool Online Library On line easy from http//site. ebrary. com/id/10131902? ppg=16 (Accessed 15 March 2013). * A C Black (2007) Steps to Success Manage Teams Successfully University of Li verpool Online Library On line Available from http//site. ebrary. com/id/10196621? ppg=12 (Accessed 16 Feb 2013). * Emerald Insight Staff. (2005) Stress management. University of Liverpool Online Library Online. Pp. 61-65. Available from http//site. ebrary. com. ezproxy. liv. ac. uk/lib/liverpool/docDetail. action? docID=10149898 (Accessed 21 March 2013).

Imperial Presidency

Richard Nixons presidency is labeled as imperial presidency1 due to its hunt for and utilization of regal authority and supremacy. authentic other presidents in American history like Andrew Jackson and Theodore Roosevelt sought kingly control but that expansion in the executive power manifested the merits of that extension. During his presidency, Nixon and his presidency put forward legislations to get the maximum control over such areas that remained exclusive domains of Congress like the power to declare war, the power of the purse, and the power of right from legislative oversight.This style of administration, absolute authority and legal privileges capacitated Nixon to involve Watergate scandal. Immunity from legislative oversight helped him to cover up his involvement in this scandal. His craving for a absolute authority and measures taken in this regard is best described by his attorney general, Elliott Richardson. He said that a government of laws was on the sceptre of bec oming a government of one man. Despite these absolute powers, his government miserably failed in the domestic arena as he was unable to dispense the issues facing the American people.Notwithstanding his failure in the domestic affairs, Nixon attained extraordinary progress in the international affairs and explored new horizons for American unknown policy. He established reciprocal and positive relationships with china and was first American president to visit communist China. It goes to the credit of Nixon that he not only demonstrable commercial relations with Russia but also succeeded in signing the Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty. This marked the beginning of steadier and constructive relations between the twain super powers. 1 This term was first used by Arthur M. Schlesinger in his book The Imperial Presidency in 1973.

Ibm Ceo Virginia Rometty

Female CEO Biography Virginia (Ginni) Rometty, IBM CEO Abstract IBM recently promoted Virginia (Ginni) Rometty to its top leadership position. Ms. Rometty depart plow the first white female chief executive officer in the familys 100- course of instruction history and every move she makes will be cautiously watched. Rometty has truly earned this position and has an impressive history with IBM to show it. There are challenges ahead but Ms Romettys education, association and stopping point will suit her well in this new role. Female CEO Biography Virginia (Ginni) Rometty, IBM CEO On January 1, 2012, Ms.Virginia Marie Rometty took the helm as CEO of the 19th hulkyst revenue generating company in the world and 5th largest in market value, IBM (Hempel, 2012). At age 55, she will earn a $1. 5 million salary to add to her period net worth of $25 million. Rometty began her ascent at Big Blue over 30 years ago and hasnt looked back. Research into her background, education and experienc e paint a picture of a woman who is the true embodiment of success. Rometty has paved her way up the corporate ladder using unparalleled determination and drive that can only be admired by career women (and men) worldwide.Born in July 1957 as Virginia Marie Nicosia, the IBM leader grew up outside of Chicago, IL. She is said to come from a close-knit family, the eldest of four and raised by a single mother who saw great potential in all of her children. Ginny and her siblings were pushed to aim naughty. sidekick Joseph is a figurehead in the commodities trading world and recently stepped down from Allenberg Cotton after serving 30 years as the CEO. One infant is a partner at Accenture and another is a senior executive at Coca-Cola. In September of 1975, Rometty entered the McCormick School of Engineering atNorthwestern University on a widely distributed Motors scholarship (Waters, 2011). She went on to intern for the automobile giant during her junior and senior years and graduat ed in 1979 earning a Bachelor of Science with high honors in computer science and electrical engineering, an area of study dominated by males. Upon graduating, she accepted a position at GM where she was responsible for application and systems development. It is besides where she met her husband, Mark Anthony Rometty. They married in 1980. Rometty & Rometty have been married for 32 years and have no children.They live their personal lives as far out of the bit as possible. They own homes in refreshed York and Florida and enjoy scuba diving, Broadway plays and golf. Ginni credits her husband with providing great strength, support and encouragement throughout her career something critics have interpreted as sacrificing his own career in the process (The New York Times, 2011). This societal stereotype that women should stay at home (or have a less made career) and men should be the primary breadwinners is detrimental to the advancement of women.Mark Rometty should be applauded for his self-assurance and not falling victim to this mainstream thought process. Shortly after her second year with General Motors, Rometty accepted a systems analyst/technical consultant position at IBM (Hempel, 2012). She spent the first 10 years working her way up through sales and management positions in a variety of industries such as banking and insurance and made headlines in 2002 when she was credited with leading the largest professional serve acquisition in history. Bloomberg (2011) reports that the $3. billion acquisition of PricewaterhouseCoopers Consulting gained her the attention of then CEO, Sam Palmisano. Palmisano promoted her to senior vice president of Enterprise Business Services in 2005 and at bottom 2 years of the move, she increased EBS profit by 42%. In 2008, she was made Managing Partner of the Business Consulting division and rose to head IBM castetary sales where she was responsible for IBMs worldwide results exceeding $99 billion in 2010 (IBM, 2012). It was at this point she became recognized as one of the most fibrous women in business and a potential successor to Sam Palmisano.A strong voice of womens initiatives, Rometty has been instrumental in IBMs Women in Technology Council and the Womens Leadership Council. She has been named to Fortune Magazines annual Most Powerful Women in Business list for eight consecutive years and is also a regular on the presentation circuit speaking at industry and business conferences. She continues to serve on the Board of Trustees of Northwestern University and the Board of Overseers and Managers of the Sloan-Kettering Cancer nub (Daily Finance, 2012).Her strategic approach, innovative mind and keenness toward risk-taking define her leadership style. Ginni Rometty has said, I learned to always take on things Id never make before (Hymowitz, 2011). She admits to having an ever-present internal critic who judges everything she thinks and does. She quite enjoys this process of objective analysis and believes growth and comfort do not coexist (Hymowitz, 2011). Rometty has a magnetic personality and has always been comfortable engaging people and forging lasting relationships.This strength helped her to be at the top of her game in a career she has spent largely courting big name clients. Ms. Romettys new role is a first in her career, a first for IBM and a giant leap forward for career women everywhere. However, all eyes will be focused sharply on Ms. Ginni Rometty. While many have high expectations and are watching in hopeful anticipation, it is understood that there are significant challenges ahead. Some believe Rometty is not up to this task and is only promoting her trumpeters vision and strategy for the future of IBM.She has stated her goal of adding $20 billion in revenue growth between now and 2015, and has further substantiate she will be following a device put in place by Palmisano to do it (Zolman, 2012). However, it should be noted that Rometty had significant input into this plan and has implicit faith and trust in its underlying principles. Rometty does not accept second best and would not take stock in any plan for the future that she did not whole-heartedly believe in. Another area of concern expressed by Zolman (2012) is the change in corporate culture at IBM.Skeptics are hypercritical of the inefficiency and ineffectiveness resulting from the layers of management that have accumulated over the last decade. These layers slow the decision making process, hide true accountability and cost the company large sums of money to provide salaries to managers hiding virtually undetected within these layers. Further, IBM has changed from a hardware company to a professional services corporation. While this decision has served them well for the most part, the sales culture is quite possibly tainted in that their product knowledge is limited and their desire for higher and higher margins is criminal.Rometty will adopt to address culture issues to keep IBM ahead of its industry. While the challenges are many, there is no one better suited to lead this icon of corporate the States into the second century. Her technological expertise along with her storied business and management success at IBM make her a top choice to lead IBM. Ginni Rometty is operate and unrelenting and will only accept the highest levels of achievement in her pursuit. At the same time, her feet are planted firmly on the ground. She knows this will not be a walk in the park, and she prefers it that way. pic References Daily Finance. (2012). IBM Key Executives. Retrieved November 17, 2012 from http//www. dailyfinance. com/quote/nyse/international-business-machines-corp/ibm/key-executives Hempel, J. (2012, September 20). IBMs Ginni Rometty looks ahead. CNN Money. Retrieved October 16, 2012 from http//management. fortune. cnn. com/2012/09/20/powerful-women-rometty-ibm/ Hymowitz, C. , & Frier, S. (2011, October 26). IBMs Rometty breaks ground as 100-year-old companys first female leader. Bloomberg. Retrieved October 19, 2012 from http//www. loomberg. com/news/2011-10-25/ibm-names-rometty-to-succeed-palmisano-as-its-first-female-chief-executive. html IBM (2012). Virginia M. Rometty Bio. Retrieved November 15, 2012 from http//www03. ibm. com/press/us/en/biography/10069. wss Stewart, J. (2011, November 4). A C. E. O. s support system, a k a husband. The New York Times. Retrieved September 30, 2012 from http//www. nytimes. com/2011/11/05/business/a-ceos-support-system-a-k-a-husband. html? pagewanted=all&_r=0 Waters, R. (2011, October 28). More than a

Birmingham Airport

Like any other airport, Birmingham planetary has enough competitors that want their own sh are of its market. The theory is the larger the better, and better = more profit. This study has been marked by unitary of our great teachers. You can www. markedbyteachers. com/gcse/business-studies/birmingham Birmingham-Shuttlesworth International airport at Sunset Feb. 6, 2013 al. com 1 of 8 connection to this image Comments about this photo assay The downtown skyline is shown as a business jet takes off at sunset from the Birmingham-Shuttlesworth International airdrome in Birmingham, Ala. Wednesday, Feb. 6, 2013. (Mark photos. al. com/alcom_photo_essay/2013/02/birmingham-shuttlesworth GCSE Birmingham International airdrome Location Coursework, Essay and Homework help from Marked By Teachers. com Business Studies Case Studies Birmingham International Airport Location This essay has been marked by one of our great teachers. You can read the full teachers notes when you ww w. markedbyteachers. com/gcse/business-studies/birmingham Birmingham-Shuttlesworth International Airport expansion al. com BIRMINGHAM, AlabamaThe $201 million expansion of the Birmingham-Shuttlesworth International Airport in progressing on schedule. These are new photos from inside Concourse 10 of 25 Link to this photo Comments about this photo essay photos. al. com/alcom_photo_essay/2013/02/birmingham-shuttlesworth Free Essays on Essay Atlanta International Airport 1 through 30 Quick Analysis Of The Denver International Airport Conspiracy essay.If EssayDepot does not accept images to be on demo then I will upload a PDF version of this document CASE STUDY 1 BIRMINGHAM INTERNATIONAL airdrome 1 www. essaydepot. com/documents/essay-atlanta-international-airport/1 trading operations Strategy Free Research document 61 90 Join Us Essay Topics Custom Term Papers Contact Top Camps Help NBS-2P2Y Operations Strategy and Management Seminar 1 Birmingham International Airport Ca se Study If you stand in the viewing impetus at Birmingham International ww. papercamp. com/ aggroup/operations-strategy/page-60 PDF BIRMINGHAM? SHUTTLESWORTH INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT SPRING Adobe PDF BIRMINGHAM? SHUTTLESWORTH INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT SPRING SPRING Birmingham Airport Authority Board of Directors straw man Gaynell Hendricks, Chairwoman, Back row (left to right) Jeaniece Allen was the broadsheet and essay topic www. flybirmingham. com/newsletter/On%20Course%20Spring%202013 Birmingham AirportLike any other airport, Birmingham International has enough competitors that want their own share of its market. The theory is the bigger the better, and better = more profit. This essay has been marked by one of our great teachers. You can www. markedbyteachers. com/gcse/business-studies/birmingham Birmingham-Shuttlesworth International Airport at Sunset Feb. 6, 2013 al. com 1 of 8 Link to this photo Comments about this photo essay The downtown skyline is shown as a business jet takes off at sunset from the Birmingham-Shuttlesworth International Airport in Birmingham, Ala. Wednesday, Feb. 6, 2013. (Mark photos. al. com/alcom_photo_essay/2013/02/birmingham-shuttlesworth GCSE Birmingham International Airport Location Coursework, Essay and Homework Help from Marked By Teachers. com Business Studies Case Studies Birmingham International Airport Location This essay has been marked by one of our great teachers. You can read the full teachers notes when you www. markedbyteachers. com/gcse/business-studies/birmingham Birmingham-Shuttlesworth International Airport expansion al. com BIRMINGHAM, AlabamaThe $201 million expansion of the Birmingham-Shuttlesworth International Airport in progressing on schedule. These are new photos from inside Concourse 10 of 25 Link to this photo Comments about this photo essay photos. al. com/alcom_photo_essay/2013/02/birmingham-shuttlesworth Free Essays on Essay Atlanta International Airport 1 through 30 Quick Analysi s Of The Denver International Airport Conspiracy essay.If EssayDepot does not allow images to be on display then I will upload a PDF version of this document CASE STUDY 1 BIRMINGHAM INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT 1 www. essaydepot. com/documents/essay-atlanta-international-airport/1 Operations Strategy Free Research Papers 61 90 Join Us Essay Topics Custom Term Papers Contact Top Camps Help NBS-2P2Y Operations Strategy and Management Seminar 1 Birmingham International Airport Case Study If you stand in the viewing gallery at Birmingham International ww. papercamp. com/group/operations-strategy/page-60 PDF BIRMINGHAM? SHUTTLESWORTH INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT SPRING Adobe PDF BIRMINGHAM? SHUTTLESWORTH INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT SPRING SPRING Birmingham Airport Authority Board of Directors Front Gaynell Hendricks, Chairwoman, Back row (left to right) Jeaniece Allen was the poster and essay topic www. flybirmingham. com/newsletter/On%20Course%20Spring%202013

The Bembo Typeface

The founding of sides has undergone various changes through out the history of the printed textbook and has metamorphosed itself from the design requirements of primitive effect press to new-f travel daylight digital needs. Typography aims to provide a text that is readable and coherent at the selfsame(prenominal) time ensuring the showcase preserves an aesthetic appeal to the readers. The lucidity of the text also needs to be taken into consideration when analyzing the typeface.When understood in an historical perspective the typefaces which were popular in the late fifteenth and early sixteenth centuries were largely Roman and lacked the presence of italicized letters. The lack of italics often hampered the readability of the text. In the reincarnation Italy, Venice emerged as center that catered to the typographical needs of the scholarly society. With the widespread use of print press and the succeeding proliferation of printed squ bes, the time was ripe for the redes igning of existing typefaces.Aldus Manutius was an accomplished printer in Venice known for printing scholarly articles. The typefaces that were utilise by him were created by Francesco Griffo. Francesco Griffo was a goldsmith turned typeface cutter who worked on the design of the Copernican typefaces used by Aldus Manutius. The calligraphic characteristics like slants and curves influenced Griffo to a large extent and these influences were assimilated into the typefaces he developed. As a result he created the first italic typeface that incorporated an element of elegance.This typeface when used for printing not simply had an aesthetic appeal but also lent itself to a greater clarity of reading, which set it apart from earlier Roman typefaces. Manutius used this new typeface for printing a low-pitched piece of work commissioned by Pietro Bembo. The unique characteristics of this typeface made it widely popular and came to be known as the Aldine roman typeface. The Aldine roman typeface is now known as the Bembo typeface. Bembo typeface emerged as the most modern one developed in the century. Initially Bembo typeface consisted of lower case characters only and upper case characters were borrowed from other typefaces.On gaining widespread popularity, italicized upper case characters in keeping with the characteristics of Bembo were added to the typeface. The design of Bembo typeface is rendered unique due to the following characteristics. The creator of Bembo has ensured minimal variation in the weights between thin and impenetrable strokes. This lends evenness to the text. The oblique stress emphasized in the typeface lends it a classical elegance, while the angled serifs enhance the aesthetics. Stanley Morrison of Monotype corporation launched a program to rediscover the historical typefaces to use it in modern day printing.The Bembo typeface was revived in the 1920s by the Monotype corporation, which made use of the original books and specimen material as a foundation using the original typeface by Francesco Griffo as a reference. Morrison ground the revival largely on the text Hypnerotomachia Poliphili by Francesco Colonna, which was typeset by Griffo. Initially the revived typeface was called Poliphilus but the name Bembo gained more acceptance. Keeping with their tradition of preserving classical typefaces, Monotype introduced a digitalized version of Bembo typeface in the 1980s by leveraging its original metal revival of the 1920s.To cater to the demands of modern digital printing needs, semi bold and extra bold weights were incorporated into Bembo. The distinguishing characteristics of the Bembo typeface lend a consistency to the text irrespective of the color and texture used for printing. The legibility and classical look of this typeface makes it highly desirable for books. Bembo has maintained its appeal through the generation as compared to other historical typefaces such as Gutenberg typeface, which are no longer in u se. It has also heavily influenced Garamond family of typefaces, which are now known as hoar Style.To summarize the classical typeface has undergone 500 years of change and constantly adapted itself to the ever-changing dynamics in the printing industry without losing its inherent design characteristics. References Christensen, Thomas. (n. d. ) The typehead chronicles. Retrieved March 11, 2009 from http//www. rightreading. com/typehead/bembo. htm Meggs, Philip B. , & Carter, Rob. (1993). Typographic Specimens. USA buttocks Wiley & Sons, Inc. Bembo Typeface Online Image. (n. d. ). Retrieved March 11, 2009 from http//www. rightreading. com/typehead/bembo. htm.

Toms Shoes Epedemic

Simona Brotnei Professor Angelone side of meat Writing 102 7 March 2012 How gobblers Shoes tipped ? Intro Section In the book, The Tipping Point, How little topics rump Make a Big Difference, written by Malcolm Gladwell. What is an Epidemic? Well there ar several(predicate) descriptors of epidemics. Epidemics can be Products, diseases, Trends, and or Crimes. In order for an epidemic to tip, there are iii rules that apply for an epidemic to tip. Epidemics are the pheno workforcea word of mouth, or any number of mysterious flips that mark general life is for us to think of them as just that.Epidemics are a contagious behavior the rules in an epidemic are the Law of the Few, The Stickiness Factor, and the Power of Context. The Stickiness Factor The stickiness factor is some kind of information that makes it unfor sign uptable and sticky, basically something that makes a person remember easily or a message that makes an impact. integrity of the 3 Laws that applies too, Toms Shoes is the stickiness of the place. The Epidemic that crossed my mind was TOMs shoes. The co-founder of TOM shoes was Blake Mckoskie, his name was non Tom, Blakes chose toms because it stands for Tomorrows Future.Back In 2006, Blake went to Argentina, and discovered that the kids there had no shoes, So he came up with the Idea that for any pair of shoes purchased, he would give another pair to a child in need. Toms shoes missions is the One for One deal, which I stated above. The reason why Toms tipped was because of the One for One. This is what made TOMS so sticky, just the other day I wore a pair of Toms and this lady stop me and somehow noticed my shoes and said to me, Are those the shoes? where they give a pair for exhaust? and she wanted to look at them, So I showed them to her. he then went on and said that they are expensive , but I also stated that they were for a good cause. In the past socio-economic class of September, TOMS change over one million pair of shoes . His company is becoming more(prenominal) successful, and are maturation bigger and bigger each day. Blake based the shoe style on the alpargata, a traditional Argentine shoe that farmers have worn for more than 100 years. The shoe is very lightweight and canvas slip on with just a sliver of a rubber composite sole. It comes in multiple colors and prints for women, men and children. Toms comes out with a immature style almost either six months.The shoe prices average from to the highest degree $40-$100 dollars, They can be pricy but we also have to remember that its servicinging more kids without shoes, have shoes. The reason as to why Toms is so successful is, because they feel as if there devising a difference in the world by helping the kids. They are satisfied and happy most themselves by helping the kids with no shoes. Toms has donated over 600 thousands paris of shoes to kids in 2010. The Power of Context Gladwell states, That the part of context, is no less more im portant than the 2 laws mentioned in the beginning of the book.Epidemics are sensitive in the time and places in which they occur. The Power of context is one that has to do with the environment we live in. We are the ones that get the word out. Like for instance the word of mouth epidemic is by a person revealing them round it, then them telling someone else or steady when they see something that they like, People will expect you where you got the product, then tell his or her friends. Back In May of 2010, I was at a Romanian convention and I noticed a guy wearing them and wanted to find out what kind of shoes they were, because they looked very cool and comfy.I then went on found out where he got them, and bought two pairs, at one time Most of the majority of the romanian community owns at least a pair of toms, if not even more. That explains why so umteen trends like skinny jeans, and or Jeans tucked in boots start. The environment has a lot to do with how epidemics occur, And that is how many trends come about. Just like in the book, The Tipping Point there were two kids that were wearing hush puppies in East village, and some high fashioned stylists seen them. Later on they skyrocketed and sold over 600 thousands pairs.There is no other explanation more break off than how the environment has many effects on how we look and or how we dress, the environment plays a big part on how products tip and how trends become more popular. Conclusion The reason why products tip are because the message itself had an impact, and or the environment where they were seen was noticed by big entrepreneurs. Why is it that many people like myself? are buying all into this, One thing is that it is contagious and the little things that make a change make a difference in the world.Trends and or diseases are also just as contagious. The co-founder of Toms travels to many different colleges to mountain range out to peers because he wants the new generations to be concerned and aware with different things. and helping others is one that everyone can do if they cant help by buying a pair they can help by not wearing shoes for 24 hours and that event that is called One Day Without Shoes, is targeted mostly to students because they are the ones with time and its a free advertise by getting his shoes known. and what more not doing it at colleges.Blake wants to raise up a better generations for our kids, and by helping and joining events just like this one is a great opportunity for many students to be aware and help make difference in the world. That is why they have an event every year, In Fact It is coming up shortly Sometime in April. The event mostly focuses on the awareness for people to realize that in many different parts of the country children are without shoes. to a fault to get others student to join and help if not by buying the shoes but by simply getting the word out.The One Day Without Shoes event allows student-led college chapters of TOM S to hold awareness events on campus (and do some free advertising for TOMS). The movement reaches out to students who want to help and be a part of a large-scaler philanthropic movement, but cant afford to give large amounts of money or commit an extended amount of time. People who are already passionate about helping children in need are the prime candidates to join the TOMS movement, so the student chapters and the organization reach out to these individuals through theiradvertisementsand promotions. Im gonna finish a quote by Ghandi, which was Blakes favorite quote. Be the change you want to see in the world Works Cited Gladwell, Malcolm. The Tipping Point How Little Things Can Make a Big Difference. Boston Little, Brown, 2000. Print. Shoes Offer a Better Tomorrow. NewsOK Oklahoma News, Sports, Weather, Business, Entertainment & Oklahoma city Photos & Video OKC. Linda Miller, 5 Apr. 2009. Web. 11 Mar. 2012. . Millennials and Philanthropy 5 Tips I Learned from TOMSAShoes. Reb ekah Bowen. 26 Aug. 2011. Web. 11 Mar. 2012. . TOMS plaza LOGO. Bio Of Blake Mycoskie, The Founder & Chief Shoe Giver Of TOMS Shoes. 2 Feb. 2010. Web. 11 Mar. 2012. .

French Philosophers Essay

MONTAIGNEMontaigne is both a literary writer and a philosopher a humanist. Montaignes essays cover a loto f topics without claiming to provide a definitive or an absolute truth about these topics We have no communication with being, Essays, II, 12 The Problem of TruthBeing is not accessible for a mortal being as we (men) be. Senses or reason are not criteria of truth. Sense is no criteria since its always changing and reason is no criteria also because we only have access to appeareances, which also change. Things are always changing. They are in a perpetual movement The only thing we are directly in carnal knowledge with is ourselves. The I is constantly changing, is in a perpetual movement and it is not egotism-centred or an self-centred char causeer it is the first step to explore the whole world. He is emblematic of the rebirth of SCEPTICISM.Scepticism is the stead that says that it is impossible to know anything because every the propositions are equal. For skeptics t heres no criteria for thruth.3 Main PrinciplesA) Epoche = suspending read/write head when you are not sure of what you are saying. The Greek word epoche means to check, cease, suspend, stop, or pause in some activity that otherwise or normally occurs. The sceptic suspends his judgment for default of a wide-cut reason for exercising it. The dogmatist asserts that something is true. B) Relativism = all points of view are equally valid.C) Isosthenia = the equality of strength of both opposing arguments. Sceptism is more a process than a result, is more a methodology.DescartesDogmatism, Rationalism and Dualism1. Dogmatism comes from the Hellenic word dogma(opinion or belief) Common and pejorative sense the tendency to lay down principles as undeniably true, without consideration of evidence or the opinion of others. Philosophical meaning doctrine that asserts that man is qualified to get to thetruth or, in other words, that man is able to attain absolute truths and certainty o f shrewd (Opposite of Skepticism). Descartes is dogmatic since he believes that we washbasin get to absolute certainty, what he calls evidence or clear perceptions(intelectual perception, the one(a) you merchantman get through the eyes of mind, not the eyes of body). We can reach the truth. Reason is fantastic and ultimate source of truth.2.Rationalism REASON versus senses. Reason is the chief source and test of knowledge. Rationalism is based on deduction (versus induction). ln that sense, it is opposed to empiricism the theory of knowledge which kingdoms that knowledge comes only or primarily from sensory(prenominal) experienceKnowledge is an activity of our mind that applies itself to identify the figures and the properties that essentially constitutes one thing (Text 3 arise argument)Dream argument ln our dreams our sensations are sometimes so strong that everything is going as if we were awake (whereas in fact we are not) Our senses are deceitful we cant trust them on ly reason can be trusted Wax argument Knowledge observing its empirical qualities. Knowledge is an activity of our mind that applies itself to identify the figures and the properties that essentially constitute one thing.Cogito, ergo sum essential link between view and humanity.Thinking is the only proof of my organism and it is also my essence both are simultaneous. I prove my existence by my essence (versus accidental qualities). Moreover, entailing is a property that only men possess. animals are not able to think and thats also why they are not able to speak (text 5).3. Dualism In philosophy of mind, dualism is a view about the relationship between mind and liaison which claims that mind and matter are two ontologically separate categories. It is opposed to monism philosophical view according to which everything can be explained in terms of a single reality or substance. I am not only lodged in my body as a pilot in a vesselThis sentence shows that Descartes also tries to thi nk the union and the connection of mind and body in the human being that we areRousseau (Enlightment)Rousseau has a contractualist or contractarian approach of society he conceives it as an invention or as an artifice. Legitimate authority of government activity must derive from the consent of the governed Society doesnt exist by constitution. contractualism is opposed to naturalism,The state of record the one that exists before the invention of society. Rousseau does not think that this state really existed. It is methodological the state of constitution aims to understand and to evaluate the civil state we are actually living in.Why is the state of reputation so good?State of nature is defined by pity and self-loved. Considers that man in the state of nature are not leaving together and are independent. According to Rousseau, the state of nature is a state of self-sufficiency in which every man is equal.On the contrary, civil state introduces property, inequality, love of sel fThats why it is a perversion and a degradation of our natural conditionDifferent from Hobbes Hobbes argues that all humans are by nature equal in faculties of body and mind. From this equality, everyone is naturally in ambition with one another (copiar resto)Love of self always comparing yourself to the other and trying to see what you can do to be better Self Love you always give your 100%He is not saying we should return to the state of nature. He considers thestate of nature as a moral esteem in order to evaluate society.Human Nature2 essential properties1) PERFECTIBILITY or faculty of advancement (Text 2) Perfectibility draws men out of this original condition and gives him adaptability. At the same time, perfectibility is responsible for the evill. 2) FREEDOM (Text 1). Nature and full (beast) are here opposed to freedom. Nature and instinct are here opposed to freedom. Dog savings bank go against his instinct, if he is hungry for example. freedom is the equivalent of what we call self-sufficiencyIf society perverts humankind, but if, at the same time, man doesnt have to return to a state of nature, this is because his essential properties (freedom and perfectibility) imply to dissever from natureDifference of DEGREE between men and beast. Men, like animals, are also able to course ideas but they are more complex than the ones animals could form. There is a difference in terms of nature since men are free and animals follow their instinct.Freedom is the ability of choice. We are able to determine ourselves to act and not to be passive in front of each situation. Freedom is the equivalent to what we call autonomy4. The Social ContractThis legitimate political authority comes from a social contract agreed upon by all citizens for their mutual preservation.(1) The collective grouping of all citizens = the autonomous (it is like an individual person). As the sovereign entirely proceeds from our will each man, in giving himself to all, gives himself to nobody (text 4). Obeying the contract coincides with obeying ourselves and thats scarcely what Rousseau calls autonomy The concept of general willEnd of Text 4The general will is the common land interest.Even if it proceeds from the particular wills of every citizens, it is more than the collection of particular willsThe general will finds its clearest construction in the general and abstract laws of the state