Alcohol Abuse is dangerous for Everybody Essay

It is well known that alcohol abuse turns into a serious problem in our society because of several facts. More and more people, especially young people, drink a lot of alcohol; as a result, they don’t know when they have to stop and the alcohol use turns into an alcohol abuse. The question, which I ask myself, is: How is it possible that alcohol turns into a serious problem in our generation and which are the flash points? First of all, in every country are different age limits when people are allowed to consume alcohol. Some countries allow drinking beer and wine at the age of sixteen and all other alcoholic beverages at the age of eighteen. As an example in Switzerland, where I come from, the law allows us to start drinking at the mentioned ages. So Swiss people learn to deal with alcohol, everywhere in life, at a young age. Also, we are allowed to drink, so we get to know our limits faster. As you can see there is no allure to do something illegal by drinking alcohol with sixteen because it is allowed. In this way, we don’t drink to be cool; it is just all the time a part of parties, nice dinners or other special times in our life. Of course everybody has a story when we didn’t know when we had to stop drinking, but that happens to everybody and is a part of the process in learning to deal with alcohol in life. Even if we know it, we do sometimes abuse alcohol. Whereas, in the United States of America you aren’t allowed to drink alcohol till you are twenty-one. The law allows you to drive a car with sixteen, but not to drink alcohol. What I see all the time here is that people under twenty-one uses every chance to drink alcohol. If there is alcohol at a party, they use the chance and drink as much as they can in a very short amount of time. Just because they can drink alcohol illegal and this seems to be very exciting young people do it. At first they feel still okay, maybe a little bit dizzy, but after a certain time, they are completely passed out. As you can see most of them have no idea which effects alcohol have and just drink without thinking about it. Finally, they often exceed their own limits without knowing it. But because they’ve never learned to deal with alcohol, Americans do a lot of not willing alcohol abuse. This alcohol abuse can cause different bad effects in our lives. As a beginning, more and more people drink too much alcohol and then drive in their cars. People have accidents on the road caused by â€Å"drink and drive†. It is not familiar to everyone that a lot of people die in car accidents. It can be a friend, a family member or just a stranger, but it doesn’t matter who died, it just matters that you took the life of somebody. Another effect is that you may have drunk so much that you have to go to the hospital and they will pumping-out your stomach. And this is in no way healthy for your body! People can get angry and aggressive if they had drunk to much alcohol. As a result, they start to fight with no reason or get mad at others just because they feel another way when they drunk too much. Also, you can get in big trouble with the police after all these effects, which doesn’t look nice in your report. Another thing is you have to keep in mind that you don’t just endanger yourself, you endanger all people around you too. Even if you drive drunk or if you turn to another personality, when you get drunk, you may disarrange others and get them in trouble. Maybe you have to think about the people around you too. For example, if you are passed out, there are always people who care about you, so they will take care of you in such situations. And to disarrange people isn’t always what you want and you will regret it for sure the next day. As a conclusion, everybody in our society knows that alcohol is no longer just something to drink, which all of us enjoy because of a nice occasion. Alcohol gets more and more really dangerous for our society. However, some people do alcohol abuse and at the moment they do it, they never think about the consequences in their life caused by this abuse. But there are really bad consequences and they are not good for everyone. Our society has to think about this problem and try to do something against it, avoid it!

The Chinese Culture: A Chinese-American Family Reunion

My wife is originally from the southern part of China, so her family is a mixture of descendants of China and the Americans who have married into the family. A few years ago her family had a reunion to gather together and visit with one another, and I was invited to attend. While I had experienced some of the Chinese culture prior to the event, the reunion was the first time that I really got to observe the traditional culture in real life. The event was a very elegant occasion, more like a banquet than the typical American family reunion. There was tons of food, most of which was Chinese, and even Chinese decorations. There were red lanterns strung around the room, all lit as the evening approached. They were very beautiful, but as it turns out they are not used for beauty. The lanterns symbolize good luck and hope. They are used every year in China at the Lantern Festival, when they line the streets to symbolize this same meaning. The color red also has significance in the Chinese culture. It is believed to be the color of luck. Some of the older family members spoke the Chinese language, which was interesting to witness, but most everyone spoke English. I am an American with family roots in Germany, so the two cultures are vastly different. The biggest difference I noticed was how much more reserved the Chinese people seemed to typical American families. Even the children, who were laughing and playing, seemed to be more respectful than American children. This aspect of the culture impacted me the most. I realized how different people are from different parts of the world, and especially those who live in America, but have been raised with traditional Chinese values. It amazes me how different cultures can vary so greatly. I enjoyed this learning experience with my wife’s family and I look forward to many more Chinese events in the future. References: Chinatown Connection, â€Å"Lantern Festival.† Chinatown Connection. n.d.. Chinatown Connection. 5 May 2008 . Lee, Danile. â€Å"Chinese People Lifestyle.† Chinatown Connection. n.d.. Chinatown Connection. 5 May 2008 .

Obama Gives Himself a Grade of Incomplete After 18 Months Article

Obama Gives Himself a Grade of Incomplete After 18 Months - Article Example According to the research findings, it can, therefore, be said that President Obama pointed out that being criticized comes with the job so he understood why a lot of criticisms are being hurled on his way. But he was very optimistic in the sense that though not much credit is being given to his administration, he wants to still do a good job as the leader of the country. Because he believed that what he is doing is not only for this generation but he believed in making America strong so that when his daughters have kids, they would be the one to enjoy the fruits of his labor. The researcher has to agree with President Obama that his administration merits undue credits. For one, the author believes that his efforts with regards to health care reform are very much undermined. Past presidents have attempted to improve health care services to adapt to changing demands and needs of the people but it was Obama’s determination that finally made it push through. Another is that the a uthor believes in Obama’s leadership skills. He is not a traditional politician and people are quite uncomfortable with that fact. Furthermore, since he is the first African-American president, the author think most people are still not in terms of that idea. That is why most criticisms of him, in my opinion, are not really about political issues but about personal resentment and biases. The researcher believes that Obama would create a lasting legacy worthy to be remembered—as the president who helped the country recover from another economic depression and not just as the first African American president. This article is a press release from the White House’s Office of the Press Secretary with respect to the Executive Order 13441. Executive Order 13411 declares a national emergency in relation to the status of the sovereignty of Lebanon. The Executive Order was issued in August 2007 and is being extended by President Obama for another year.

Charles Peirce's Fundamental Distinctions Term Paper

Charles Peirce's Fundamental Distinctions - Term Paper Example Therefore, the following paper tries to establish whether these distinctions reflect or correspond to each other or whether they are entirely independent from each other. To begin with, Peirce postulates that there exist three modes of being. These modes include, first the being of a feeling in itself. This being state non-attachment to any subject. The atmosphere is the only possible form of attachment but since it is intangible, the state can be described as floatation in a vacuum though it is not rational. However, it is capable of being rationalized. Secondly, Peirce argues that there exists a state of being that is arbitrary. This state of being is anti-rational because by rationalizing it, it will be doomed for damage. Thirdly, postulates that there exists the living intelligence from which all power and all reality are derived. This mode of being is rational. It contributes towards necessity and necessitation in human being existence. The potentiality of feeling is the only po sitive thing that is valued in this third mode of being. Peirce views existence of particulate matter as nothing in them because there are brut forces that propagate them. According to Peirce, logic rather belief can be classified into three categories that is stechology or speculative grammar which facilitates interpretation of signs processes rather the sesmos and meaningfulness of signs. Moreover, he classified belief into logical critic which sometimes referred to as logic proper whereby modes of inference is the guiding principle. Lastly, belief is defined on the basis of methodeutic or speculative rhetoric philosophical theory of enquiry that includes pragmatism. Their being is actual because they are either being attracted or repelled by another particle in existence. The particles are in existence because they consist of action and are dyadic. An effort to draw a connection with other things result to the particle being termed as triadic though is the only thing that has pow er. Based on his study after along time, peirce was tempted to classify his findings into three categories namely firstness, secondness, and thirdnes. However, this type of classification was distasteful to himself thus he tried to refute it. It is viewed that attributing such meaning to numbers and worse in a triad is as true as it is disagreeable. By classifying the mode of being in numbers was very simple. Giving to being the broadest possible sense, to include things as well as ideas. By classifying modes of being, the three states are similar to the initial classification by Pierce. Firstness is the mode of being of that which is such as it is, positively and without reference to anything else. Secondness is the mode of human being of that which is such as it is, with respect to a second but despite the consequences of any third. Thirdness is the mode of being of that which is such as it is, in bringing a second and third into relation to each other. Pierce points out that any sign contain three things. A sign describes anything, though it cannot be defined in its own but in relation to others. The three modes of existence under sign language is defined in three roles which encompass the sign, is subject matter, and the ramification or the sign meaning. The existence in triadic relationship is irreducible according to Peirce. The roles are distinct implying that there is no relationship between the components of the triad though the signs can be

Capacitors in series and parallel ((lab- report )) Coursework

Capacitors in series and parallel ((lab- report )) - Coursework Example During the experiment, the series connection started followed by the parallel connections. At every stage, data collected assisted in computations. The experiment involved the use of voltmeter to measure the voltage drops, a capacitance meter to measure the capacitance and calculations to tabulate data obtained. Series circuit produces the equivalent energy of 0.00031 joules while parallel produces the equivalent energy of 0.00372 joules. Parallel circuits provide more stored energy, thus is the best method to connect capacitors. The experiment derives a capacitance of 5.41 microfarad from the series connection and 68.7microfarad from the parallel connection. This is done by a voltage supply of 10 volts when measured the voltage is 10.42 volts on the series connection and 10.31 volts after parallel connection. This helps determine the amount of average charge in both series and parallel circuits as the series circuit has an average charge of 56.37Â µC, and the parallel has an average charge of 708.297 Â µC. The series circuit has the lowest voltage drop of 1.56volts while the parallel circuit has the lowest charge at 97.95 Â µC. The capacitors in series circuits produce an equivalent capacitance of the sum of the reciprocals of the capacitance of each capacitor. This in turn reduces the amount of energy stored in the capacitors. Parallel circuits produce and equivalent capacitance equal to the sum of the individual capacitance of each capacitor in the circuit. This makes the amount of energy stored in the circuit be more. The series obeys Kirchoff’s Voltage Law that implies the total voltage equivalent to the sum of all the voltage drops within a circuit Swain (2008). From the experiment, I learned that capacitors play a significant role in storing energy in an electric field thus ensuring a steady flow of energy. To store more energy in capacitors, one needs to use the parallel circuit. In application,

Teaching versus Control a Parenting Challenge Article

Teaching versus Control a Parenting Challenge - Article Example sociology and education are some of the areas that have shown immense interest in parenting styles and child behavior and have come up with empirical reports, analysis, surveys and suggestions. Parental approaches and techniques help the child evolve into a person, and therefore are very critical in their developmental process. It guides their psychological, social behavior and attitudes (Skinner, Johnson & Snyder, 2005). According to these, teaching involves educating a child the difference between right and wrong, acceptable and unacceptable behaviors. A well-taught child knows how to control impulses and takes responsibility for his actions. Parents cannot teach children everything, but can always inculcate the sense of responsibility of one’s own actions and self-control (Barber, Stolz, & Olsen, 2005). Teaching plays a crucial role in child development during the 4-8 years of age. On the other hand, parental control aims more at placing boundaries and setting rules than explaining why and how the children can avoid unacceptable behavior, or what will be the consequences (Skinner, Johnson & Snyder, 2005). The children is not taken into consideration to a great extent as they are kept in the dark of the why’s, how’s, and what’s of it. They are punished if they violate the rules, as discipline is not possible, without teaching. However, this is only an aspect of control, as empirical research brings out multiple layers of meaning to the word ‘control’. For example, Grolnick (2005) being in control and controlling the behavior of a child can be different. To be in control of child’s behavior is to protect them from dangers and equally assure civil behavior. This might at times be restrictive and sometimes allowing autonomy, but under supervision. As a technical term, ‘control’ is more narrow and precise. It interferes with the human need to feel autonomous and competent. In this case, the children are bound without choices and the actions

King James I of England (VI of Scotland) Research Paper

King James I of England (VI of Scotland) - Research Paper Example This paper seeks to explain why King James sought to the rigorous witch hunts particularly throughout Scotland and also why he did not rally the same in England. The paper starts with a brief introduction about King James’s road to monarchy, followed by the reasons behind his interest in demonology and witchcraft. This paper also explains some of the torture tactics that were used by the King and his company in order to persecute the witches and how the witch hunts initially began. Some of the content of the King’s book on the subject is also covered in the research paper in order to prove certain points from history and the King’s obsession with the idea and persecution of witches. Introduction King James I of England and VI of Scotland had had a rough past before he was crowned as the King of England in 1603, following the demise of Queen Elizabeth. Following the death of his mother, Queen Mary, at the age of thirteen months he was crowned as the King of Scotla nd. It is said that King James was amongst the most learned Kings in history, he knew a vast variety of languages due to which he did not need translators in order to perform trade deals. The fact that he ruled England and Scotland both comes as a surprise to many, since it is obvious that the Scott and the English have always remained at odds. Yet a Scott ruled England for a considerable period of time and was quite loved by the English, therefore it is said that King James united the English and Scott and was responsible for reducing the animosity that existed between the two (Mabry , 30-31). King James’s Interest in Demonology Demonology has been defined as the study of demons or of demonic belief (Merriam-Webster). Demonology was a topic that had gained immense popularity by the 16th century. Therefore at the time when King James started his scholarly career in the study of demonology, a lot of literature regarding the topic already existed to provide assistance. As a sub ject, demonology was restricted to the elite while the poor merely stuck to their beliefs regarding the devil and its worshippers. King James’s interest in Demonology is said to have its roots in his visit to Denmark, when he was going to see his future wife. On his visit, he met with the famous Danish demonologist Niels Hemmingsen, in 1589-1590. The idea of demonology was only remotely known in Scotland till it was taken interest in by King James; rather many of the scholars say that King James was the one who introduced the idea of Demonology in Scotland (Ryynanen , 1-39). King James was the only monarch in history to have studied and written a book on the subject of demonology. The title of the book was Daemonologie. Many scholars see the political inclinations of the book and argue that the third part of the book, with descriptions of the demons seems somewhat different than the first two parts and is thought to have been influenced by the political turmoil he had to face during the 1590s. On his visit to Denmark, King James was stuck in a terrible storm and that is what triggered his belief in the idea of witchcraft and demonology. The Witch Hunts While on his way to Denmark, the King’s ship was stuck in a dangerous storm, which was later confessed to have been a witch plot to take the life of King James. It was this confession in the 1590 that led to the rigorous witch hunt throughout Scotland in 1590 (Normand and Roberts). Amongst the very first instances of the persecutions during the witch hunt was that of Geillis Duncane, the maidservant of David Seaton - a deputy bailiff. Duncane was skilled in medicinal treatment through herbs. This skill led to her curing many of the people who came to her with various ailments. This

Cross-Cultural Perspectives Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Cross-Cultural Perspectives - Research Paper Example Currently, various global organizations control an extensive and developing share of the global technology, resources of marketing and profitable resources. Similarly, their initial thought for transforming to global companies may have been due to market expansion, to diversify, need for raw materials, technological advancement and production efficiency, prevent integration, prevent political challenges and lower costs of labor. Irrespective of these interests, various global organizations face extensive challenge in acting informally to understand and accommodate local cultures outside the US in which global organizations operates. Discussion Global companies find cultural perspective matters including definition of the right objectives of the company, attitudes towards threats, handling workforce and the capacity to curtail unproductive activities differ significantly from one nation to another, (Khan, 2010). Additionally, within nations, cultural diversities occur by demanding car eful consideration by global companies. Considering the cultural domain of United States such as Northwest and others, to Americans, the difference appears in mind, but American companies overseas experience various cultural challenges. The discussion will investigate the cultural constraints experienced by Nike Corporation, which is global organization. ... The two turned to global nations like Japan to save resources on the labour cost and cost of production. As the firm continually enhanced its products line, it similarly broadened its outsourcing to various nations such as Pakistan. In Pakistan, Nike Corporation experienced dramatic allegations of pathetic working conditions and child labor use. People accused the company of using young children to stitch the football balls that the corporation produced. According to Boje and Khan 2009, the organizations has produced various soccer balls in nations like Pakistan and Sialkot for decades and it is stipulated that increasing number of children have been employed and used in stitching such balls. Various cultures have diverse perceptions on the form of responsibility and role that kids should have. According to (Khan 2010) childhood perception differs among nations and cultures. Similarly, childhood experiences vary not only across nations but also in a certain cultural setting and acros s various ethnic entities. For instance, in certain rural and underdeveloped regions and nations like Pakistan and Sialkot, parents have no problem with their young ones participating in some roles to support their loved ones. In the US, Americans have laws concerning child labor that safeguards their children from taking part in these roles. For these poor families in Pakistan and other nations, having their young ones work to aid their parents is critical. Therefore, child labor is crucial concerns that challenge the Nike organizations as well as its interactions and activities beyond the US boundaries. After some information about the activities taking place in Pakistan appeared, there are various dramatic changes in the corporation operations. They began

Real Estate Statistics Project Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Real Estate - Statistics Project Example The sum appears quite intimidating for a middle class citizen. However, the deal was easy for Sam as all he had to do was sell his own smaller 2-BDRM 600 square feet flat for US$135,000 and make up for the difference with the help of mortgage loan. When he had purchased it, the price amounted to US$70,000 which he had raised with the help of mortgage loan and paid up a couple of years ago. Fortunately for Sam, the person who purchased his old flat was foreigner who paid up the amount Sam was looking at without a murmur. Coincidentally, the one from whom Sam had purchased the flat he is now living in was also a foreigner who was in a hurry to sell as he was moving out of the United States. Thus, the principles in buying and selling of properties are intact although they may have slowed down a bit due to the current recession. In Sam's case, he saved a significant amount having purchased a second-hand flat in a premium location. A brand new flat in the same location would have cost him at least 25% more. One may have to pay the agent some commission. However, despite the commission, the overall saving is quite high when compared to purchasing a brand new flat. Normally, when someone purchases realty, he or she has long time plans in mind. Except for housing agents, few may opt for purchasing properties for business purposes. The normal consideration for purchase of property is residential or business. Then the property may remain in the hands of the owner for decades unless he or she plans to sell it earlier for some reason. Again, normally nobody thinks much about the market value of the flat because, as residents, they do not want to dispose the flat. They need the flat for their residential or business purpose. They cannot do without the flat as it fits their lifestyle. Thus, the market value only serves as a prestige issue rather than any profit or loss in business terms. Likewise, properties purchased for business too are not overtly influenced by market trends since the purchase is based on long term requirements. If a firm desires to purchase property for commercial use, it will by all means go by the trends of its balance sheet rather than bemoan the market trends. Chain retailers and eateries such as MacDonald have powered their presence through prudent use of real estate. Real estate is a magnificent method for conserving wealth for those who have the means to purchase property and develop and d'cor it. So if you are very rich, investments in properties will most probably make you richer. This is because when you are rich, you will invest in doing up the property and the environments and this will naturally add to the property's worth. Secondly, as people realize that you have purchased certain property in a certain location, they will readily buy adjacent properties pushing property prices in the process. For instance, if

Photosensitizer Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Photosensitizer - Essay Example The most imperative aspect of this therapy is nontoxic nature of photosensitizers. Production of singlet oxygen is of paramount significance therefore, agents promoting the formation of singlet oxygen as well as two photons absorption are considered to be highly efficient in the therapy. Numerous receptor molecules are over-expressed in tumor cells which are of considerable importance. Peptides recognizing these receptors are conjugated with photosensitizers to reach the target cells. However, after a certain interval when photosensitizers in normal cells degenerate, the tumor cells are exposed to a particular wavelength of light which cause the excitation of the photosensitizer resulting in the formation of cytotoxic singlet oxygen. This oxygen is very reactive and cause cytotoxicity of the diseased or cancerous cells. The phenomenon is exploited in photodynamic therapy to eliminate the side-effects imposed by other cancer therapeutic measures. Photosensitizer or photosensitizing agent is a molecule or a drug that is capable of producing a chemical alteration in another molecule or cell during the photochemical process. Photosensitizers, when exposed to a particular wavelength of light. Photosensitizers generate a form of cytotoxic oxygen that can kill the adjoining cells in the living organism. This property of photosensitizers is exploited to treat numerous superficial and localized cancers together with certain noncancerous conditions (Lau et al, 2014). Photosensitizers are involved in medical science under the name photodynamic therapy or phototherapy, as the therapy involves insertion of certain light sensitive non-toxic chemical agents called photosensitizers, it is also known as photochemotherapy. As long as photosensitizers are not exposed to light they remain non-toxic, in the presence of certain wavelength of light they generate cytotoxic oxygen which can destroy, cancerous cells as well as other contaminated cells including

Statement of the problem Essay Example for Free

Statement of the problem Essay This study explored the experience of subjective well-being (SWB) among the institutionalized aged: concept of well-being, indicators of the cognitive and affective components, and the factors which contribute towards their sense of well-being. It also looked into the perception of their close associates on the SWB of the elderly under investigation. Specifically, the study addressed the following questions: 1. What is the concept of subjective well-being among the institutionalized elderly? 2. What are the indicators of the cognitive and affective components of subjective well-being? 3. What are the factors which contribute towards the subjective well-being among the institutionalized elderly? 4. How do the close associates of the elderly view the following: the concept of SWB, the indicators of cognitive and affective components, and the factors contributing toward SWB among the elderly? 5. Are there similarities and differences observed in the view of the elderly and their close associates with regard to the experience of SWB among the institutionalized aged? This chapter presents in detail the research design, the description of the participants, the instruments used, the data gathering and analysis procedures. Research Design The present study employed the qualitative research design (Heppner, Kivlighan, Wampold, 1999; McLeod, 2001). Qualitative research involves doing one’s utmost to map and explore the meaning of an area of human experience. Generally it examines people’s words or actions in narrative or descriptive ways more closely representing the experiences of the people involved. It emphasizes the importance of looking at variables in the natural setting in which they are found and the qualitative researchers believe that human behavior cannot be understood outside of its context. According to McLeod (2001), the knowledge generated by qualitative research through eliciting peoples’ stories, sensitive listening, building up an understanding, and checking it out is usually holistic, nuanced, personal, contextualized and incomplete. Key (1997) observes that in qualitative research detailed data is gathered through open ended questions that provide direct quotations, and the interviewer is an integral part of the investigation. The present study was exploratory in nature (Westman, 2004) and employed case study as well as interview method to collect the data. It helped in understanding the concepts and personal meanings and theories held by the people who were being studied. The study also contributed to the understanding of how the elderly in the home for the aged conceived and defined quality of life or subjective experience of well-being in their lives as perceived by their administrators. Case Study. The rationale for including case studies were: (1) case studies strive towards a holistic understanding of cultural systems of action (Tellis, 1997). The interviews on the elderly elicited holistic information and nuances about their life and subjective sense of well-being. Content analysis alone could not do justice to the nuances came across in the accumulated data. According to Tellis (1997), selecting cases must be done so as to maximize what can be learned. (2) Case study is known as a triangulated research strategy (Tellis, 1997). The present study being qualitative, employing triangulation confirmed the validity of the findings (Yin, 1994). Interviews are one of the most important sources of case study information. Interview Method. In a qualitative study human person is the primary collection instrument. Insisting upon measurable outcomes to determine the quality of life is a disservice to elders (Moberg, 2001) and the world has many accounts of what aging looks like from the outside, but we have little insight into what aging looks and feels like and their sense of well-being from the perspective of older adults (Ray, 2002). It is an unquestionable truth that questions about what makes life worth living and what is their subjective experience of well-being to individuals are answered only by asking the individuals themselves. It helped to explore and explain the complexity of the fabric of life entering to its labyrinth, expressing the personal which is always interpersonal. In other words it gave access to the phenomenological data, which is the respondents’ perception, of themselves and their world. Exploring the concept of well-being, the indicators of cognitive and affective components of subjective well-being among the elderly and different features that they thought were helping toward their subjective experience of well being in the given situation of life, the researcher was able to gather the subjective description of the lived experiences of the institutionalized elderly.

A History of Art Movements and Styles

A History of Art Movements and Styles Neoclassism was an art and style developed during the late 1700s in the French revolution. It has various visual characteristics: It is solidly modeled using strong direct lights and darks to show form, the compositions are rational in that they are balanced and orderly, presence of strong acidic colors, there are no marks left by the artist since brush strokes are carefully controlled to hide individual strokes and it stresses virtues of classical civilizations of the Greeks and Romans such as discipline, athleticism, education, and moral principles, honesty and charity. Angular and sculptural shapes are normally assigned to males while soft and curvilinear forms depict women. Neoclassical themes are normally centered on classical stories heroic acts and virtues carried out by males who are depicted as gallant and stoic. Felinity in women, on the other hand, is depicted and confined to the domestic and private realm. Neoclassicism is therefore depicted as masculine whereby the male body depicts topical issues on politics, society and sexual attributes. The Neoclassic painting of the famous violinist Paganini by Ingres shows this form perfectly. Romanticism was an art style during the mid 1800s that was a resultant of the revolt against Neoclassicism. The major characteristics of Romanticism are: It attempts to display ideal beauty through dramatic scenes, individual marks of the artist can be viewed, it is a form of art that is based on feelings basically of love rather than thoughts hence gets the viewer to experience strong emotions and it is based on an exotic subject matter. In its theme, it is normally based on atmospheric landscapes with a nostalgic depiction of the past especially the Gothic with a bias towards the primitive such as traditional folk culture, cult of individual heroic figures who are often revolutionaries in art or politics, mysticism, the cult of sensibility that emphasizes on women and children, passion for romance and a fascination with death. The romantic painting of Paganini by Turner attempts to show the feeling of his music through the emotional qualities of the man and physical traits of the c omposer. Impressionism is an art movement or style that started in the mid 1800s in France. There are various characteristics of Impressionism such as: Asymmetrical balance whereby the plunging perspective, cropped forms and art work compositions are balanced asymmetrically; use of pure color whereby pure, prismatic colors fresh from the new tin tubes unmixed on the palette are laid directly on the canvas; use of Impasto or thick paint applied in thick raised strokes to create a roughened uneven texture; use of a high horizon line in order to create a plunging perspective; use of colored shadows and the use of broken color and broken brushstrokes. The theme expresses perceptions of nature by covering rural landscapes, maritime landscapes, pastoral landscapes, bucolic visions of nature and aquatic art. Neo-Impressionist paintings have gone further to entail urban scenes and joyous modern life in working class scenes. One of the famous pieces of art was Girl with a Hoop done by Pierre-Auguste R enoir in 1885. Surrealism is a form of art and a cultural movement that started in the 1920s which drew elements from both Cubism and Expressionism. Over the years, the members have produced great works in visual artworks and writings. There are various characteristics of this style which entail a blend of the depictive, the abstract, and the psychological. Some devices applied are levitation, changing of scale in an object, transparency and use of repetition in creating a typical art form. The juxtaposition of objects that would otherwise not be grouped together is also used in order to convey a certain message or show a metaphor. Most artworks have simple titles that simply state the subject matter for easy comprehensibility. The major theme is the ability of love to overcome reason which has been widely depicted by the French surrealist Desnoss in Deuil pour Deuil whereby the narrator is in a ruined desert city close to a river yet he insists on us. This illustrates a blind quest for love. Other themes covered are sexuality as depicted by Metamorphosis of Narcissus painted in 1937; artistic intention, chance and fatalism; relation between dream and reality and taboos. The basics of cubism can be seen in another art movement such as pointillism and fauvism. Cubism is the art form entailing creation of abstract shapes in three dimension on a two dimensional surface. Artists such as Pablo Picasso have popularized this art form. The artists attempt to show several views on multiple planes of a particular subject is the most distinguishable feature. Cubist art forms are also shallow in depth and perception. It preserves a warped two-dimensional look via a presentation of subjects that are broken up along geometric planes. Analytic Cubist art applies monochromatic color scheme while synthetic cubism adopts multiple color schemes. The most popular theme is still life as depicted by the Still Life with Open Window painting by Rue Ravignan in 1915. This is a work of art that depicts inanimate subject content, commonplace objects such as flowers and manmade objects such as jewellery. Religious and allegorical symbolism is attached to the art. Futurism is an art form that emerged in Italy under the Italian poet, Filippo Marinetti . There are various essential characteristics of futurism such as it includes irregular, agitated lines communicating the movements energy and images being displayed as if in perpetual motion. Futurism is based on a theme of violence, war, anarchy, technology and speed based on an urban background which is conveyed through the artworks energy. Paintings and sculptures glorify life and the changes in technology that transforms objects. Carrà  s Funeral of the Anarchist Galli displays police attacks and the riot aftermath in 1904 Italy. Broken panes and diagonals rendered energetically distinguish this art form. Post-Impressionism is a resultant art form as a widely felt reaction against impressionism. These paintings apply the bright Impressionist palette but create art in a formalized order and structure. Paint application technique applied enables the viewer to see the image from multiple angles. In the art work, one can easily see brushstrokes, the style used and the personal experience of the painter over fidelity, multiple viewing angles and the personal expressiveness of the painter. Paintings are based on realistic scenes of modern life which are displayed by visual effects rather than inclusion of details. This is particularly the case in Alfred Sisleys 1872 painting Bridge at Villeneuve-la-Garenne. Realism is an art form that aims at faithfully representing reality and various aspects of actualities in life. It mainly represents the middle class without any prejudice, romance or idealism. It is characterized by a representation of reality in comprehensive detail with characters being of more importance than the action or plot. There is a complex relationship between characters, nature, social class and their past. The diction applied in the compositions is natural but poetic. This art form deals with ethical issues and choices in its themes. The socio-economic class conflict is addressed in these compositions as a major theme. The widening gaps between rich and poor are depicted by the characters used. Charles Dickens work on David Copperfield, the suffering of impoverished children who have to work in industries illustrates realism explicitly.

Pakistan International Airlines (PIA) SWOT and PESTLE

Pakistan International Airlines (PIA) SWOT and PESTLE INTRODUCTION The main theme of this assignment is to critically analyse Pakistan International Airline and to appraise the level of effectiveness of the organisation. It includes strategic, financial and resource management analysis. This is carried out in three parts. Overall strategic position is scrutinized and external and internal environment is evaluated through different models such as  SWOT  and PESTLE STEEP analysis in the first part of an assignment. The second part is an overall review of human resource management in PIA and different approaches for their employees retention and performance are thoroughly assessed as to point out their weaknesses and reasons for those flaws in overall system. The final part is the ratio analysis which helps in analysing the financial position of the business and impact of resource management decisions on organisations growth and stability. INTRODUCTION OF PIA: Pakistan International Airlines Corporation (PIAC) is the premium airline of Pakistan with its head office on the grounds of Jinnah International Airport in Karachi. PIA is one of the largest airlines in Asia, operating scheduled services to 24 domestic destinations and 39 international destinations in 25 countries across Asia, Europe and North America. Its main bases are at Karachi, Lahore and Islamabad. (Khan A., 2008). ANALYSIS OF RELATIONSHIP OF STRATEGIC LEVEL PLANNING AND LOWER LEVEL Relationship between higher and lower levels of management is that Planning is done at higher level and execution is done by the lower level but the lower management is not involved in any decision making and planning in PIA. In fact its Lower management just plays role in gathering information for each step of strategic planning. Mission Statement: PIA Corporation has stated its mission statement as a symbol of national pride, aspired to be an airline of choice, operating profitably on modern commercial concepts and capable of competing with the best in the International as well as Domestic markets (www.piac.com.pk, accessed date: 08/10/2010) Mission statement of PIA is mentioned in a way that: Employee team will contribute towards making PIA a global airline of choice through: Offering quality customer services and innovative products. Using state of art technologies. Ensuring cost effective measures in procurement and operations. Developing safety cultures. On Jan 15, 2010 strategic objectives of PIA were given in 33rd BOD meeting i.e. Introduction of new additional flights, real time tax revenue management system Introduction and success of Pakistan remittance initiative Increasing market share by 5 % Successful monitoring of routes In PIA Mission and objectives are set by the higher management for the overall organization that provides track to middle and lower level employees so that they can bring the company at an established position because Higher management can not directly take part in improving customer satisfaction so team work is required from ticket reservation to landing of plane. Employees work in different teams such as office staff, ground staff, cabin crew and flight attendants as to perform day to day operations and to achieve overall objectives and mission. 2.2 Environmental Scanning: Goal achievement of any company is greatly influenced by the overall environment, so in PIA before doing strategic planning higher management also scans over all environment that involve internal and external environment both along with the analysis of firms industry. 2.3 Strategy Formulation: Management at the top level of PIA utilizes all the information gathered by the lower management and formulate its strategies by using its strengths and availing its opportunities to overcome its weaknesses and threats so as to create competitive edge in the airline industry. 2.4 Strategy Implementation: Implementation in any organization involves restructuring of firms resources and high level of motivation for lower and middle management. But in PIA strategy implementation becomes really complicated as they do not change their structures according to their new and modified strategies, and their employees are highly demotivated as their suggestions are not welcomed in formulating the strategies. Ultimately the strategies are misunderstood by them. 2.5 Evaluation and Control: Implementation of strategies are evaluated and controlled by PIAs higher management but they are very much rigid in making adjustments in their overall strategies. 2.6 Vision: PIA Corporation has stated its vision as To be fiercely competitive, consistently exceeding customer expectations and be the choice employer that embraces modern technology in all spheres of its activities. INFLUENCE OF VISION, MISSION, VALUES AND GOALS OF PIA OVER ITS STAKEHOLDERS Mission, vision, values and goals for PIA have great influence over its stakeholders that involves: 3.1 Customers: In the vision and mission statements of PIA; their customers expectations and satisfaction is highly focused so they are increasing their market demand by offering different services such as: Magazines like hamsafar and newspapers are given to all customers of PIA Different flyer programs also attract customers as they can get free tickets and excess baggage vouchers etc PIA continuously changes its plane design after every 3 years as to gain more and more customer attention PIA also introduces cargo service namely PIA Speedex. PIA is also doing brand marketing through sponsorship to become more and more popular e.g. PIA is sponsoring Shandur polo gala, ABN Amro patrons trophy, destination Pakistan 2007 festival PIA also supports non profit organizations like Al Shifa trust, Zindagi trust etc. PIA is also maintaining high safety culture for its customers 3.2 Employees: PIA believes in team work and without that they cannot achieve their goals and mission but they do not empower their employees to participate in decision making process so they are not involved in setting goals, vision and mission for their company. 3.3 Shareholders: PIA does not focus on shareholders income or their satisfaction in its vision and mission statements which shows its low level of interest. And it is proved by the fact that it is not achieving its goals so facing financial crisis that results in loss for its shareholders as share price decreases from 3.17 to 2.61 and loss was PAK Rs.5822 million in 2009. SWOT ANALYSIS 4.1 (S)TRENGTHS: Leading Market Position: According to Annual report of PIA (2008), PIA is one of Pakistans leading air carriers, with more than 800 daily flights. Around 150,000 passengers fly a month on PIA, making it one of the major operators in the domestic market in terms of passenger destination. PIAs international market share was 43.5%, In the Domestic market, its market share was 69.4%. On a system-wide basis, PIAs market share was 51.2% at the end of year 2009. Its strong market position is driven by consistently low fares as well as reliable service, frequent and convenient flights, use of new technologies like e-ticketing and self check-in terminals, comfortable cabins and superior customer service. Superior Operating Structure: PIA has maintained its position as the low cost carrier. It has been first class Pakistani airline to use the latest technology. Factors contributing consists of different series of Boeing and Airbus and an efficient, high-utilization and point- to-point route structure. Network Presence: PIA enjoys a global strong network and international destinations. The companys network includes three the major airports in Pakistan, as well as major international airport such as Dubai International Airport. Having a strong network means that PIA can generate traffic feed for both its domestic and international Flights. Effective Use Of Technology: PIA has successfully incorporated latest technology in all its systems, giving it an edge over competitors. PIA takes credit for introducing most new technologies to the Pakistani market. It was the second carrier in Pakistan to incorporate the c-ticketing system and the second in South Asia to introduce self check in systems at the Jinnah International Airport, Karachi. 4.2 (W)EAKNESSES: Worse Govt. Rules: The key policies, strategies and set of laws are designed by the upper management. The centralized system is one of the biggest obstacles of long term success of PIA. PIA centralizes structure lead to barrel between different level of management, decreased motivation, and hard access to information. Debt: PIA has a significant amount of 42 billion debts. Current and future debts could have important consequences for stakeholders of the company. Reliance On Oil Prices: PIAs sustainability, growth and revenues directly depend on oil prices. A steep rise in oil prices can seriously damage the long term viability of any airline. Recently many airlines around the world went bankrupt due to rising oil prices. Airlines need to hedge against this risk by taking proper measures. 4.3 (O)PPORTUNITIES: Having The Maximum Route And Fleet: PIA is having the maximum route and fleet domestic and international destinations network in Pakistan as compared to its Competitors. Route and fleet expansion will positively impact the companys operations by increasing revenues. Growing Demand For Low Cost Airlines: The growing demand for air travel is driven by lower fares and consumer confidence. A survey by International Aviation Authority showed that ticket price is the number one criterion for passengers when selecting a flight, well ahead of the availability of a non-stop service. Shifting Customer Needs: The needs of air passengers are increasingly changing, as they are becoming more and more price sensitive. If PIA succeeds in making its prices more competitive, then the company will be able to gain significant market share. Industry Recovery: Market analysts believe that the global airline industry will experience an upturn in fortunes over the next few years. This represents an opportunity for PIA, as it could generate increased revenues and command market share if it capitalizes on increases in demand. 4.4 (T)HREATS High Interest Rates: The past few years have seen State Bank of Pakistan impose high as well as low interest rates to check inflation and the overheating of Pakistani economy. Inflation in Pakistan may see another raise in the short-term. Strong Competition By Airblue: PIA is now competing against carriers such as Airblue and Shaheen Airline. PIA remains Airblues strongest competitor because of the huge market it has gained over time, strong brand image and customer loyalty. Interest And Foreign Currency Exchange Rates: Fluctuating foreign currency exchange rates can have a significant impact on PIAs earnings. For example, as PIA is providing its services to the UK. Negative or positive effects arise from exchange rate movements as change in expenses. PESTLE AND STEEP ANALYSIS PESTLE and STEEP factors including political, social, economic, technological, legal and environmental factors (Ireland R. et al 2008). (P)OLITICAL FACTORS: According to Ireland R. et al (2008), political factors always have a great influence on the way where businesses operate in the airline industry and the spending power of customers. Pakistan has achieved some political stability in recent years. If the management of PIA believes that the present government will perform well (consistently), then there will be more investment in the form of purchase of new airplanes and latest technology. (E)CONOMIC FACTORS: Currently, Airlines industry has three major players: PIA, an Airblue, Aero Asia and Shaheen Airlines. Their target market includes domestic travellers as well as Pakistanis living abroad particularly in the UK and USA. Economically, the new millennium has been highly volatile; the September 11 attacks revolutionized the whole world. Consequently, there was a global depression in the North America, South America, Australia and Europe. (S)OCIAL FACTORS: Customers are more aware of market conditions and available options and want to get best value for their money (Johnson Scholar, 2001). They spend considerable time and money on entertainment hence increasing the need of in-flight entertainment systems. Hajj attracts a huge number of customers. (T)ECHNOLOGICAL FACTORS: Major technological changes are taking place in the airlines industry with innovations in the reservations and booking systems. In-flight entertainment systems and auto check in counters are two examples of such innovations. Internet plays a key role in e-ticketing as consumer can easily reserve tickets or check the status of the flight. (L)EGAL FACTORS: Airlines legislations and policies have a direct impact on the performance of PIA. PIA has attacked new  legislation which will force them to pay greater compensation to customers in the event of overbooking, cancellations and delays. (E)NVIRONMENTAL FACTORS: PIA, as a symbol of national pride, should be a choice airline operating profitably on modern commercial concepts, capable of competing with the best in its entire international and domestic markets, consistently exceeding customer expectations. It should be a choice employer deploying modern technology in all spheres of its activities. APPROACHES TO HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT TO AID THE DEVELOPMENT OF BUSINESS STRATEGY With an understanding that global economic downturn and ever rising operating costs further exacerbated by fluctuating crude oil prices. According to Greg J. et al (2009), human resource practices should be focused in PIA to address whether a brighter future is possible through management practices that fully engage employees and achieve genuine partnerships with their unions to rescue an ailing airline. Failure to elicit employee commitment through human resource practices could mean that PIA is doomed to fail in competitive aviation industry in which private sector is increasing its market share by catering to customer satisfaction. Creating a culture in which employees are close-knit and where top management focuses on its personnel asset by taking care of them so that they are ready to face and respond to every days job challenges wont be easy unless PIA starts building better relationship at various levels within its hierarchical organization. When an organization nurtures values of friendliness and loyalty among its staff then eventually customers benefit from improved service quality and creating a customer-centric culture becomes relatively easy. High employee morale and high quality delivery of service to customers are both inter-related and inter-dependent variables and airlines like Southwest Airlines, SWA, that based its business model not only on its customers but also its employees satisfaction have seen its profits growing when others were all losing revenues in post 9/11 period. Human resource management department of PIA could be used as a valuable agent of change that creates a strategic partnership among different levels of management and improves collaboration between different departments by defining policies and procedures that eventually results in a higher level of service throughout the organization. Properly trained human resource professionals that not only understand intricacies of organizational culture but also possess knowledge of global aviation industry can create a work environment that promotes dignity and respect and prepares PIA for 21st century challenges. Turnaround of Continental Airlines that used human resource management as a tool of corporate strategy to alter its work and communication practices throughout the organization is another example of the pivotal role that human resource department in PIA can play to improve its brands strength and reverse its financial losses (Carrig 1997). To remain competitive in global market where technology can perform many of the operations traditionally performed by human agents, PIA needs to take some measures to reduce its workforce by utilizing technology to its benefit. Moving to online ticketing save us at least 8-9 per cent in costs, the managing director of PIA once said. This partially resolves over-employment that burdens companys dire financial condition. The next step should be online check-in for domestic and international flights. PIA should invest further in its website to offer options to amend itinerary as and when required. Political influence and interference that affects fairness of recruitment policies poses challenges for human resource management when they are forced to make decisions that does not align with PIAs strategy but serves political purposes. I cannot emphasize enough on the importance of transparent recruitment. PIA needs to learn the importance of hiring as its success depends on the ability and style of its people. An organization that is in desperate need of leadership and role models should decorate its headquarters walls by photographs of employees who conform and promote company policies by achieving excellence in their respected roles. This practice would encourage healthy competition within employees and they would work with more dedication to get recognized. PERFORMANCE AND REWARD MANAGEMENT INCLUDING THE ROLE OF PERFORMANCE APPRAISAL Nowadays according to my point of view any type of reward plays a vital role in employee performance either it is financial or non-financial .Financial includes increase salary benefits like medical, travel, children benefits , pension etc and non-financial are personal recognition , appreciation , promotion etc. PIA must conduct a employee survey in which first they identify the needs of different employees like what type of rewards PIA should provide them so that they can motivate and perform better to make it first choice . Performance Appraisal or Career development discussion is method by which the job performance of an employee is evaluated in term of qualitative, quantities, cost and time typically by super ordinate boss or supervisor Performance appraisal is a part of guiding and managing career development .It is the process of obtaining, analysing and recording information about the relative worth of an employee to the organization. Performance appraisal is an analysis of an employees recent success and failures personal strengths and weaknesses, and suitability for promotion or further training. It is also the judgement of an employees performance in the job based on considerations other than productivity alone. Its a tool by which management can give feed back on employees performance identify his/her training needs .Facilitate communication between employee and administration/management .It improve performance through counselling , coaching and development . Simply when ever you tell any body about his/her weakness strengths you he/she will perform better towards achieving organizational goals. STRATEGIES FOR EMPLOYEE DEVELOPMENT AND REDEVELOPMENT The study is intended to check the development of employees in the organization. A good development program and procedure are essential to achieve goal of the organization. To cope with poor performance and to retain employee and always keep them sustainable we have lots of strategies but what I found in my research that not all are play a vital role but someone plays a significant role (Svend Hollensen, 2005). Decentralization Employee will better develop in decentralized decision making where they feel they are part of team whenever you involve employee in decision making you can easily achieve you desire objective in better way (Jeston J. Neils J., 2006). If we talk about PIA (Pakistan international Airline) in PIA delegation of authority is limited due to centralized decision making .The authorities reserve the right to make decisions in Board meeting or you can say that only top level management can make decision in board meeting. The middle and lower level management is not allowed to speak for against the top level management whatever top level make or implement they have to follow the decision Job Rotations According to Price A. (2005), job rotation is organic part of development; it is practiced to allow qualified employees to gain more insights into the processes of a company and to reduce boredom and increase job satisfaction through job variation. More rotation more satisfies an employee. Job Rotation is not common in PIA (Pakistan International Airline) thats why PIA employees are not fully satisfy Feed back Feedback plays a vital role in development and Redevelopment of employee and retains them on the job (Mercer, 1996). People need feedback.Most people do not see themselves as others see them. Feedback is essential to learning. If people dont fully appreciate their strengths, how can they use them to their advantage? People who take a professional attitude toward their work want feedback. If we talk about PIA quarterly employee co-ordination meeting are held where all employees can share their views with their bosses and subordinates and subordinates take feedback from super ordinates it helps to reduce the conflicts within the organisation and employee satisfaction. Training and development Programs Training leads towards development and when employees skills more develop organisation can easily achieve its objectives training is essential to make employee more dynamic to perform task (Price A. 2005). Training is strategy to retain an employee in the organisation it is duty of top level management to review the performance appraisals of employee and if they feel lack any where they should provide proper training to cope with that problem. This strategy is some sort of investment on employee. When employee feels that company is investing on he/she they always try to perform better. Analysis of the Liquidity Ratio: It is apparent above chart that the PIA is running with a negative working capital in both financial years. Similarly the percentages of current quick and cash ratio are also very low that reveals the fact that the current asserts of the company is not enough to meet its current liabilities. Either it should be equal or above the maiden industry level or it should be in Positive Percentage. Leverages ratio shows the amount of debt utilized by the firm to finance its asserts (Wight R. et al, 2009). It can be either by using share holders equity or by the amount of borrowing. Leverage ratio of the PIA shows the greater amount of debt to finance its asserts. The figures of the activity ratio indicate the low credibility of the PIA in utilizing its assets to generate the sales. As it is apparent from the fact that ratios for both the years are quiet low and the company will require a greater period of time to convert its assets to generate sales. Analysis of Profitability Ratio: The financial statement shows a slight decline in the gross profit margin in the 1st quarter of year 10 over the previous year. Similarly there is slight increase for the Return on equity ratio, though it is low but as an investor it is somehow encouraging. On the other hand operating profit, net profit margin and return on assets are in real bad condition as they are in negative. CONCLUSION: Reason for PIA down fall is that the company is goal oriented instead of focusing on means used to achieve those goals. So the problem comes at the implementation stage as they are not people oriented, mean the company does not involve its middle and lower management in decision making. That is the reason weaknesses occur and they fail to cope their upcoming threats and unable to create competitive edge in their respective PIA has boosted in last few years. Corporate level is planning forward for next upcoming years. PIA has to changed organisational structure so that it can bring a change and motivation in employees. This will solve all the problems and conflicts among the company structure from corporate level down to the lower level. They should motivate their employees and as well as less the over head cost expenses and other expenses like labour cost .It should be like less input and high out put to improve the corporate level they should heir responsible people so that they are good in decision making and strategic planning. This can be only done by good marketing policies.

Kate Chopins Regret :: Chopin Regret Essays

Kate Chopin's Regret The Question: How would you characterize Mamzelle Aurelie based on Chopin's description of her? Make reference to specific details in the story. How does her "inner self" that we see at the end of the story contrast with what we see at the beginning? Kate Chopin's story, "Regret," is about an unmarried, middle-aged woman who is suddenly given the responsibility of caring for a neighbor's small children. In the story, Chopin shows us a strong and independent person whose rough, masculine exterior hides a lonely and tender-hearted woman. Chopin begins the story with a portrait of Mamzelle Aurelie. We know that she is at least middle-aged because she has "hair that was changing from brown to gray" (461). And she has a rugged, masculine appearance. She wears a man's hat and overcoat and even topboots on occasion. She not only looks strong but is strong and capable in her every day life. She has a "determined eye"; she lives "quite alone" except for her dog, Ponto"; she runs a farm and supervises her workers, and she had a gun "with which she shot chicken- hawks" (461). However, the arrival of the neighbors children bring out a different aspect of her character. At first she tries to deal with the children almost as if they were another variety of farm animal. Thus, when they arrive, she determined "a line of action which should be identical with a line of duty," which from her point of view means feeding them. But she soon discovers that "little children are not little pigs" (462). Caring for the children requires that she awaken the feminine and maternal aspects of her nature that had been dormant. Therefore she brings out her white aprons and "got down her sewing-basket" to mend the children's clothes. She washes their feet before bed, tells them stories and even lets the youngest sleep with her.

Colonization of America Essay examples -- American History Colonial Ne

Colonization of America Although New England and the Chesapeake region were both settled by people of English origin, by 1700 the regions have evolved into two new distinct societies. Why did this difference in development occur? When first English settlers began arriving in America in the 1700's they mainly settled in two regions - New England and the Chesapeake. Even though both groups of people were English by origin, they had developed two very different societies. Each group had it's own beliefs and expectations of what they will find in this new world, and the results of their settlement were very different as well. When the ship headed for Virginia left England in 1635, it was filled mostly with men in their twenties and thirties. The ship's name - "Merchant's Hope" very much explains the reason for which these people were heading to the New World. They were looking to find gold, silver and other riches there. Almost all of them had left their families in England to go forth with this opportunity for profit. These people did not think about permanently settling there, and very few of them had prepared for this trip as a whole. Over half of the people had died during the trip. Captain John Smith said "There was no talk†¦but dig gold, wash gold, refine gold, load gold†¦", (History of Virginia). This statement basically summarizes what was happening in Virginia after the ship had arrived. Even though there was no gold found, many people established such indus...

The Cattle Industrys Effect on our Environment Essay -- Beef Environ

The Cattle Industry's Effect on our Environment Before I began my research, I avoided beef for health reasons. During my junior year of high school, I reformed my diet away from my family’s very beef-laden diet into a more heart-healthy, Mediterranean-style one. My great grandfather started a revolutionary meat company in San Francisco, CA which later moved to Marysville, CA called DPM. Most of my family, including my father, worked in this company and its butcher shop for many years before it was eventually sold to an international corporation. Needless to say, my extended family has a strong love and passion for quality meat and cooking it is a large part of our frequent family get-togethers. I must continually defend my choice to not eat beef, and even though it has been many years since I first made this decision, many of them often seem to â€Å"forget† when choosing a menu. Since I stopped eating beef, I have been more interested in other related issues, such as the hormones and antibiotics we give our ca ttle, as well as the link to this nation’s huge obesity problem. I met a friend while I was living in Italy named Caitlyn who did not eat meat, primarily because of the impact it was having on agriculture, and the methods used in producing it. She told me briefly of her reasons, but never went into explicit detail with me; ever since then I have had a lingering curiosity to do my own research and come to my own conclusions. When I first began my research, I knew of many of the issues with antibiotics and hormones that we give our cattle, and did not agree with them. As biology major, I have learned about this trend in school. Antibiotic resistance is a huge problem; there are already many infections that whil... ...tions of nutrients in many of the crops. Organic farming today is closer to the way farming was in the days of old, with locally-minded people concerned with their community’s health and sustainability. If you want to make our environment better, buy grass-fed free-range beef and â€Å"Go Organic!† Works Cited Cheeke, Peter R. Contemporary Issues in Animal Agriculture, Third Edition. New Jersey: Pearson Education, Inc., 2004. 155-181. Goodall, Jane. Harvest for Hope. New York: Warner Books, 2005. 66-96. Harper, Charles L., Bryan F. Le Beau. Food, Society, and Environment. New Jersey: Pearson Education, Inc., 2003. 162-201. Lappe, Frances Moore. â€Å"Diet for a Small Planet.† Composing a Civic Life. Eds. Michael Berndt and Amy Muse. New York: Pearson Longman, 2007. 454-459. Wallace, Scott. â€Å"Last of the Amazon.† National Geographic Jan 2007: 40-71.

Macbeth Illness Motif

PD:3 Macbeth Motif: Illness Motif statement: Shakespeare utilizes the motif of illness to highlight how Macbeth’s thirst for power has led Scotland into tyranny. Illness symbolizes the decay of Macbeth’s morals along with the fall of Scotland. Quotations with explanations: 1. Scene 4 Act 3 Lines 169-181 Context: Malcolm and Macduff are speaking; the doctor enters and reports on the well-being of a cured patient. Macduff asks about the illness, Malcolm explains that the English King has healing powers. Explanation: This depiction of the king of England stands in an obvious contrast to descriptions of Macbeth.The king is shown to be one of the best of men, illustrated by his healing. His â€Å"heavenly gift of prophecy† allows his country to prosper. However, Macbeth’s forsight has led into a dark cave that it cannot escape from until Macbeth is dead. â€Å"Sundry blessings† hang around the English throne, while curses hang around the Scottish. 2. Sce ne 5 Act 4 Lines 62-64 Context: Just after Macbeth receives news of the soldiers marching against him, the doctor delivers a short but horrendous report of the condition of Macbeth’s wife.Macbeth compares the shambled state of his country to the unfortunate state of his wife. Explanation: In asking the doctor for a cure for Scotland, Macbeth displays that he finally notices the consequences of his actions. However, he is not admitting to his own actions being the cause of his country’s â€Å"disease. † This is said just after Macbeth has been told of the army marching toward the castle, and of the desertion of his nobles, which illuminates that the real illness in the country is him, Macbeth.By asking the doctor to purge Scotland of her disease, Macbeth is really asking the doctor to cure Scotland by removing him. 3. Act 3 Scene 4 Lines 51-55 Context: Lennox and another character are speaking of the political terror in Scotland, and Lennox comments on the desire for Macduff to return soon and save Scotland from the tyranny of Macbeth. Explanation: Before Macbeth’s thirst for power overcame his good nature, these two lords were close followers of Macbeth and obeyed his every command.Now that Macbeth has been utterly corrupted, Lennox is praying that the English rescue Scotland from their tyrant of a leader. Lennox describes Macbeth as having â€Å"a hand accursed† showing that any respect that he had for him has now vanished. Macbeth has shed all of his supporters and has put the country that he once longed to rule in terrible suffering. Quotes with context only: 1. Act 5 Scene 1 Lines 75-77 Context: The doctor sees firsthand the sleepwalking, and talking, and crying that Lady Macbeth does while asleep and says why he thinks she is doing it. . Act 5 Scene 3 Lines 49-55 Context: The doctor announces to Macbeth that his wife is not physically ill, but that her minds troubles are preventing her from sleeping. Macbeth then asks th e doctor why he does not just drug her so she could sleep. 3. Act 1 Scene 5 Lines 18-20 Context: After receiving the letter from Macbeth about the witches’ prophecy, Lady Macbeth wonders whether Macbeth has the courage and brutality to kill Duncan to become king, as the witches said. 4.Act 2 Scene 2 Lines 68-70 context: Macbeth returns from killing Duncan and is not able to put the knives back in the room. Lady Macbeth insults Macbeth by calling him weak and places the knives by the guards herself. 5. Act 2 Scene 3 Lines 25-26 context: Macbeth has just sent two murderers to kill Banquo and is now haunted by his past treasons. He dwells on how even through the pain that he had run Duncan through with his dagger, at least Duncan is able to rest, unlike him.

When Character Was King by: Peggy Noonan

Ronald Reagan’s life wasn’t the greatest growing up. He had some extreme difficulties with his parents and his childhood. His family wasn’t categorized in a social class; they didn’t own anything like a farm, store, bank or industry. Ronald Reagan was born on February 6, 1911 in Illinois, in a town called Tampico, in a one-bedroom rental over a bank building. His mother named him Ronald, but he didn’t like it so he asked people to start calling him what his father called him, Dutch. His father called him that because on the day he was born, his dad ran up the stairs, looked at him and said that he looked like a fat little Dutchman.He had an older brother named Neil who was two years older than him. His father’s name was Jack. He was tall with thick, dark hair. He was Irish Catholic, a salesman and a chain-smoker who loved to tell stories. Ronald wanted a father who was idealistic, because it would have made it easier for him to be what he was , hopeful. During the Great Depression, Ronald hitchhiked to Chicago to look for a job and didn’t tell his father because he knew what he would have said: Don’t bother, no one is going to hire you.His father somehow always let you know he didn’t except the best from people, didn’t think the right thing would happen. He was funny when he was in the mood and always joked around, but he had a sarcastic side, especially when he drank, which was quite often. When Ronald spoke about his parents, he didn’t say much about his father. He didn’t hide that he was an alcoholic but referred to it like his mother taught him to- as a disease from which his father suffered. His father’s alcoholism made it very hard on his family.During Christmas, Ronald wouldn’t be too excited because I meant Dad would start drinking and the fights would come. His mother’s name was Nelle Wilson Reagan; she was his lifesaver. Ronald was truly influenced by his mother, who was extremely religious but also very kind. Ronald and his brother were brought up to be very independent. They moved a lot when Ronald was just a child. They didn’t really eat very good meals, especially not like the ones we get today. They ate oatmeal hamburgers, and his mother made it possible sometimes to make soup last a week.Ronald was never proud of his childhood; he didn’t want to look back at it. He wanted to leave those tough times in the past. When Ronald was just six years old, World War I came to America. He knew about everything; he saw the flags, heard the songs and he visited the soldiers when they came to town. Dutch couldn’t really keep friends so he learned not to need them too much. He became more of a reader and someone who spent hours drawing and imagining. Ronald went to Eureka College, which was a very small school in a small town in northern Illinois.It was extremely inexpensive for tuition, room and board but he could n’t afford it even if they’d accept him. He fell in love with the Illinois architecture, Georgian-style buildings covered in ivy, acres of land surrounded by trees. He went to Eureka College one day to convince the president of the school and football coach’s that he was terrific football player, a lifeguard and a very good swimmer. They actually let him in, with a student scholarship and a job that would pay for his meals and books. He played football and decided to go into campus politics.He became the leader of a student revolt against deep and sudden campus cutbacks. He was chosen as speaker for the cause, which made him feel that he could really hold an audience for the first time in his life. Ronald didn’t have the natural talents or mind set of a businessman or economist or political figure; his natural talents were of an artist. The Great Depression hit when he was eighteen. His dad lost another job and his mom got work as a seamstress. They moved too places that didn’t have any bedrooms for the children. His dad got laid off from a new job on Christmas Eve, and soon became a traveling salesman.His mom had to borrow money from Ronald for food for the family. Ronald enjoyed acting, loved watching movies and actually wanted to become an actor, but never wanted to tell anyone. He loved broadcasting, which Chicago had. He was twenty-two years old and his life was completely coming together. He was making seventy-five dollars a week, which was a lot of money to them in that time period. Ronald got the job as a sports announcer at World of Chiropractic and then went on to WHO, which was a very popular NBC station. He moved to Hollywood in 1937.He was twenty-six years old and starring in his first movie called Love Is on the Air. He played a radio announcer. He had the worst stage fright of his life, but somehow got over it because other movies followed and the Warner Bros. renewed his contract and gave him a raise. Ronald b rought his parents to California and brought them the first house they’d ever owned. He came up with the plan of his dad taking care of his mail and other demands of his career. He became his assistant. Ronald soon fell in love with actress Jane Wyman. They met on the set of the comedy, Brother Rat.She got to be an important celebrity as well as Ronald. They got married on January 16, 1940, in Beverly Hills and he knew it was forever. He felt like his life was really coming together, like he put something together and it worked. Jane was a wonderful actress and just as ambitious as Ronald and when they were together, they brought the best out. They moved to Los Angelos and were working two good jobs and Ronald didn’t drink and they became something. They soon had a daughter, Maureen, and then adopted a son, Michael. After Ronald’s acting career, he was thirty years old and World War II soon began.He was an officer in the United States Cavalry Reserves, and three months after Pearl Harbor, he was called to active duty at Fort Mason, outside San Francisco. He was in noncombat service and then transferred to the Army Air Force intelligence back to Los Angelos. There he worked under General Hap Arnold making air force training films and documentaries. He was a 2nd lieutenant, and he helped bring up a new method for briefing pilots and bombardiers before their bombing missions. When the war was over, he soon became a movie actor again, but he’d missed four years of the industry.It was a lot harder for Ronald to start back up. He didn’t get a lot of the big parts that he was hoping for, while Jane was becoming a very big celebrity. Now in Ronald’s life he was busy with the talk of politics and public policy, and he gave more time to the after-dinner speeches to groups that wanted to say something in the World War II world. Ronald wanted to change the world. He wanted to introduce people to neofascism and communism. There was a meeting at Ida Lupino’s house one night and Reagan and his close friend actor, William Holden agreed to go.It was a meeting about all of the strike commotion, but Reagan could see that it was not sincere; it was in fact extremely biased. Holden held him back from him saying something to the speaker. When Reagan stood up, it was a harsh audience. He told them the real history of the strikes. When he was done speaking, he was beat with questions, boos and mostly name-calling. Reagan told Holden about what he’d seen, and they talked about calling John Garfield to discuss it but they never did and he regretted it for the rest of his life.By 1950, Ronald Reagan was dead set in becoming in politics. He still believed in the power of government, and the responsibility of government to serve the people. The years 1947-1950 were the most difficult years of Ronald’s life, or at least the worst since the worst of his childhood. He almost died, his career almost died, an d his marriage died. Shortly after making one of his last films, Ronald became ill. He had viral pneumonia. In 1980, there was a law forbidding federal employee strike and each member of the union had signed a sworn affidavit agreeing not to strike.The employees weren’t moving against a business, but they were professionals who were providing a very important government service. The Professional Air Traffic Controllers Organization took 70 percent of the nation’s seventeen thousand employees walked out. This strike was the first immediate national emergency Ronald has ever faced. He told reporters about the measures that had been taken to make sure the nonstriking employees and supervisory personnel could keep the skies open and operating safely with lesser flights.What he did not tell reporters is that a strike by American air traffic controllers carried real national security implications. I think that Ronald is quite simply the man who defeated the Soviet Union. His decision to concentrate huge resources on building up America’s armed forces and building the military with updating its weapons systems that threw down the Soviet Union. Ronald Reagan was a very bold man who deserves credit for recognizing the moral bankruptcy of the government and putting pressure on the Soviet leadership.

Factors of Chinese Art Market Essay

The Chinese possess the longest continuous cultural history of any of the peoples of the world (Sickman. L, 1968). In recent years, pushed by the huge economic growth in Asia, the fine art market rise sharply within Asia, especially China, changed the geographical structure of the global art market. The Chinese government set up some preferential policies to promote the fine art market because they see the great economic potential in this flied. In 2011, China has a 49% growth of artworks in auction revenue, becoming the first global marketplace for the sale of art. Although the transaction volume of China (10.8%) was behind USA and France, the auction revenue (41.4%) was the first of the world (Artprice, Trend of art market 2011) . This means China is becoming the central of high price fine art market. In 2011, a painting with calligraphy which was painted by Qi Baishi, †Eagle Standing on Pine Tree; Four-Character Couplet†¦Ã¢â‚¬  was sold for 4.255 Yuan(about 65 million US dollars) in Beijing by China Guardian auction company, a record high for contemporary and modern Chinese paintings and calligraphy(China Guardian Auctions). As Chinese fine art market growing quickly in last few years, more and more researches and studies have been done by both Chinese and other foreign people, this essay will focus on some factors behind the market and analysis how the factors influence the Chinese fine art market. And the analysis can be dividing into four sections, cultures, history events and policies, buyers and marketing channels. First of all, this essay is going to find out the difference between the western countries people and the Chinese people in culture of collecting aspect and work of art aspect. There is some strong culture which is really to be changed in any country and this will completely change the way people treat art works in a country. Just because people treat art works differently, every country’s fine art market culture is unique, and this can influence the market automatically. For example when Chinese people selling antiques, they always leave a large gap between the quote and the deal price to wait buyers to bargain because Chinese people believe buyers will feel happy and they have brought the antique in a cheaper price. Secondly, history events and policies linkage to the Chinese fine art market will be mentioned. Through the history events (such as the reform and open up in 1978 and joining the WTO in 2001) and policies (like import and export trading policies) to analysis how these events and changes influence the Chinese fine art market. A cultural repatriation has been in the spotlight a great deal from 2000, with the sale of the Yuan Ming Yuan bronze fountainheads, then the Chinese government has attach more importance to the fine art trade after it(Wang. A, 2012). Actually, modern Chinese fine art market starts after the reform and open up in 1978 and today becoming the first place of the marketplace for the sale of art. Also according the Tariff implementation plan 2012 of China, the import duty of art work decreased from 12% to 6% (General Administration of Customs of the People’s Republic of China), this promoted the fine art market, in the first half of 2012, the trading amounts reach 210.8 billion Yuan (Ministry of Culture of the People’s Republic of China), which means China has been overtaken the USA, becoming the top art market. Then, this paper will explore different kinds of buyers and find out their purchasing intention. In this section, it will be a case study about the different buyers by having an interview with an antiquary and a staff of an international auction company. Antique buyers have different purchasing intention; some of them are shop holders or agencies buying art works for selling, some of them are art fanciers buying art works for collecting, some of them buying art work as investment, and there are some people just want to show their social status or financial position through buying expensive art works. Through the interview, more purchasing intention will carry out so that it will be more clear that how different buyers can influence the fine art market all around the world differently. The last section of this essay will talk about the marketing channels aspect. Chinese antiques can be seen in auction houses, trade fairs, art galleries, fine art shops all around the world(Artprice, Trend of art market 2011), People come together to appreciate or buy antiques. Furthermore, some private trade happens a lot without noticed by the mass. Different marketing channels have its own characteristics and price levels so that it could attract its own target audience. Although the market of Chinese antiques is growing in a very high speed, some scholars still have some issues to worry. As Audrey Wang mentioned (2012), some speculators believed that Chinese art market is an indomitable force and become the first place in volumes of sale of fine art. On the other hand, sceptics claim that the current trend as merely a bubble and today’s China is not ready yet to experience a full economic cycle of growth and decline. When a group of Chinese curio dealer visit the 25th of TEFAF which hold in the Nederland, they were not only shocked by the fine art work’s quality and authenticity, but also the seller’s integrity and normative. When they ask for some background and information about an antique, the vendor just read from the testimonial but not making an attractive story. The Chinese fine art market is still not mature because more standard rules or policies are needed. Lastly, the high speed growth of the Chinese fine art market might cause some mislead about the art. Quite a lot of people will regard high price as high quality in the fine art market, this is completely a misunderstanding for the art works. Therefore some scholars argue that the great growth could destroy the culture and art, this will be also discussed in this essay. Bibliography: Sickman, L (1968) The Art and Architecture of China, Yale University Press, London Wang, A (2012) Chinese Antiquities, an introduction to the art market, Lund Humphries, Surrey. TEFAF https://www.tefaf.com/ Artprice, Trend of art market 2011 http://imgpublic.artprice.com/pdf/trends2011_en.pdf (2013-01-07) China Guardian Auctions http://english.cguardian.com/ (2013-01-07) Ministry of Culture of the People’s Republic of China http://www.chinaculture.org/index.html (2013-01-07) General Administration of Customs of the People’s Republic of China http://english.customs.gov.cn/tabid/47800/Default.aspx (2013-01-07)

Benefits of Online Shopping

Benefits of Online Shopping: 1) Convenience: The convenience of this method of shopping is the best advantage of online shopping. One does not have to wait in a line or wait till the shop assistant is ready to help with the purchases. Shopping can be done in minutes even if one is busy apart from saving time and avoiding crowds. Online shops give the opportunity to shop 24 x 7 and also reward us with a ‘no pollution’ shopping. There is no better place to buy information products like e-books. Immediately after the payment is made one can download the information.And downloadable items purchased online eliminate the need for any kind of material goods at all. 2) Better Prices: The cheap deals and better prices we can get from online stores is fascinating because products come to you direct from the manufacturer or seller without middlemen involved. Many online shops offer discount coupons and rebates. Apart from this, the Online Store is only required to collect sales tax if they have a physical location in our state even if we buy from a store across the world. ) Variety: The choices you can get for products are amazing. One can get several brands and products from different sellers at one place. You can get in on the latest international trends without spending money on airfare. When you shop online, you can shop from retailers in other parts of the country or even the world without being limited by geographic area. These stores offer a far greater selection of colors and sizes than you will find locally. ) Send Gifts: Online Shopping makes sending gifts to relatives and friends easy, no matter where ever they stay. Now there is no need of making distance an excuse for not sending a gift on occasions like Birthday, Wedding Anniversary, Marriage, Valentine’s Day, Mother’s Day etc. 5) Fewer Expenses: Many times when we opt for conventional shopping we tend to spend a lot more than the required shopping expenses on things like eating ou t, traveling, impulsive shopping etc. ) Comparison of Prices: Online shops make comparison and research of products and prices possible. Online stores also give you the ability to share information and reviews with other shoppers who have first-hand experience with a product or retailer. 7) Crowds: Crowds force us to do a hurried shopping most of the time. Grumpy or irritating people and those who smell bad are a huge turn off. Crowds also create a problem when it comes to finding a parking place nearby where you want to shop and going back to your vehicle later loaded with shopping bags. ) Compulsive Shopping: Many times when we go out on Shopping we end up buying things which we do not require because of the shop keepers up selling skills. Sometimes we even compromise on our choices because of the lack of choices in those shops. 9) Buying Old or unused Stuff at low prices: Online Shops make it possible for us to buy old or unused stuff at rock bottom prices. If we want to buy anti ques there is no better options than online stores. 10) Discreet Purchases: Some things are better done in privacy. Online shops are also best for discreet purchases like adult toys, sexy lingerie and so on.

Prevalence of Bullying among Middle School Children Consequences , Essay

Prevalence of Bullying among Middle School Children Consequences , Systemic Intervention and Policy Development - Essay Example This paper will examine the prevalence, behaviors, consequences, interventions and policy recommendation’s related to bullying prevention in middle school. Key terms: Bullying, relational bullying, behavior, consequences, policy Prevalence of Bullying among Middle School Children In the social context bullying is not a new issue, although in the last two decades bullying has taken on an additive role among school age children. The prevalence has changed in the last three decades and more studies have been completed on the prevalence, consequences, prevention and intervention strategies to decrease bullying. This has prompted policy decisions from the department of education and President Barrack Obama. The most vivid forms of aggressive behavior are seen on the evening news or in the Plain Dealer. â€Å"Bullying is defined as a form of social aggression that persists over time, characterized by imbalance of power† (Pelligrini, 2002, p. 151). The more dominant, and physi cally bigger or tougher an individual is more likely to repeatedly victimize a smaller, weaker, subordinate individual. Bullying can be found directly or indirectly. Indirect bullying is also commonly known as relational bullying.

To what extent has China become a responsible stakeholder in the Essay

To what extent has China become a responsible stakeholder in the international politics of the Asia-Pacific region - Essay Example This paper shall discuss the fact that China has extensively become a responsible stakeholder in the Asia-Pacific region. The first part of this paper shall clarify the origins of the responsible stakeholder concept. Such conceptualization shall then be followed with discussions from various authors who will help determine the extent to which China has become a responsible stakeholder in the Asia-Pacific region. Finally, a discussion on China as a responsible stakeholder in terms of how it has managed to sustain the political, economic, and security systems that provide common benefits for the nations in the Asia-Pacific region shall be discussed. The ‘responsible stakeholder’ concept was initially coined by US Deputy State Secretary Robert Zoellick; he conceptualized this term very much in relation to Central Asia—more particularly, China. According to Zoellick, responsibility as a stakeholder exists when â€Å"major power invested in the international system has a compelling interest in seeing its investment protected and the rules of the international system defended against those likely to violate them†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Zoellick, as quoted by Rumer, et.al., 2007, p. 70). Responsibility as stakeholders, in this instance, involves international cooperation and the protection of common interests. Being a responsible stakeholder also implies a stakeholder’s (in this instance, China) capacity to sustain the existing political, security and economic systems in the region (Asia-Pacific region). The extent to which China has become a responsible stakeholder in the Asia-Pacific region is one of the most crucial questions in international politics. In his paper, Gries (2005) points out that China’s communist/socialist political system has somehow allowed it to modify its demeanor in the past several years. â€Å"More and more Chinese are claiming a nationalist

Chinas Rapid Economic Growth and Transformation Essay

Chinas Rapid Economic Growth and Transformation - Essay Example China’s rapid economic growth and transformation can be attributed centrally on the revolution from an agrarian economy to and industrialised one. This move can be analysed in various ways. Drastic changes have taken place in the economy and the manufacturing sector contributes to the larger portion of the country’s GDP. The role of the agricultural sector has increasingly decreased over the years. Additionally, the role played by the private sector has increased significantly since the economic reforms in 1978. There have been reforms to promote economic activities in the private sector such as the inclusion Protection of private property in the constitution. The sector is a dominant force in the economy and is responsible for the creation numerous job opportunities in the country and a main source of capital funding. Opportunities and Challenges for Retail Businesses in China The retail business in China is taking off at an incredible rate. In next to no time, the sales are expected to reach 1 trillion US dollars annually. In fact, China’s retail market is among the largest in the world. This is due to increasing income levels, a fast growing economy, deregulation of the retail sector and an increasing retail market. An exponential increase in the number of hyper markets, super markets, appliances, department stores and electronic stores especially in Eastern China. The main opportunity in the retail market lies in the huge customer base. China has one of the largest populations globally and this guarantees a readily available market for the retailers.Additionally, the financial sector is highly lucrative owing to the immense potential possessed by the Chinese household savings. Foreign investors are attracted by the high production capabilities and the supply of labour. China has a well developed infrastructure that holds massive potential for ret ailers to develop complex transport services. The most noteworthy development for retailers was China’s accession to the WTO in 2001. Furthermore, the country’s trade barriers and market barriers have been eliminated opening the vast domestic market (Lai, 2006:22). In spite of the booming retail market in the China market, there are several challenges facing the sector. There are various risks and challenges resulting from inflation and fluctuating economic trends in the market. In addition to, there are cultural differences between the natives and retailers from other countries. Other challenges in the market inadequate retail market information, an ambiguous legal environment and a highly unskilled labour force (Wong and Lai, 2006:58). Main Factors That Can Limit Personal Consumption in China and Can Prevent it from Driving Economic Growth in China Personal consumption can be simply described as the total amount of goods that an individual is able to purchase. It is important as it contributes to the aggregate consumption therefore is said to have an impact on overall economic growth. The most important factors affecting individual consumption is the prices of goods. When the prices of commodities are high, consumption will be limited resulting to decreased economic growth. In case where the importation taxes are high, the prices of