Health and social care management Essay - 1133 Words

In the care home for adults there are different principle in health and social care practise which we applies irrespective of gender, race, disability, age, sexual orientation, religion, belief. health and social care service intention is to identify the nature on illness ,to treat and improve both physical and mental health. It has a duty to each and every individual that it serves and must respect their human rights (act 1998 ) it also has a wider social duty to promote equality service and help to improve service user health and life expectancy,there is a high standards of excellence and professionalism in this service, and quality care that is safe, effective and we focused on Service user. The importance of preserving the†¦show more content†¦We should raise concerns with appropriate people or management about practice and policies if necessary, Accurately record information keeping is important to safeguard service user and colleagues from harms, that is writing down times, dates and explanations of incidents and always Report any unusual or major changes in the patient’s health. A person-centred approach focuses on the individual’s personal needs, This can mean putting the person’s health, illness, injury, needs and situation first. There are a number of different frameworks that have been developed to implement person-centred care. Such as communicating with the patient and have a care plan so we can providingShow MoreRelatedHEALTH AND SOCIAL CARE MANAGEMENT1899 Words   |  8 Pagesï » ¿ SCHOOL OF HEALTH AND SOCIAL CARE HND – HEALTH SOCIAL CARE MANAGEMENT GROUP: XXX MANAGING FINANCIAL RESOURCES REPORT ON CARE TECH HOLDINGS PLC, FOR THE YEAR ENDED 2013 STUDENT NAME STUDENT ID Lecturer: Theresia Vughosu CONTENT INTRODCUTION†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ TASK 1: SYSTEMS USED TO MANAGE FINANCIAL RESOURCES IN CARE TECH 1.1 Principles of costing and business control systems†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 1.2 Information neededRead MoreCollege Of Technology And Management Department Of Health And Social Care2079 Words   |  9 Pages ICON College of Technology and Management Department of Health and Social Care BTEC HND in Health and Social Care Coursework Communication in HSC Tutor: Dr Chilaka Submitted by: Christiana Chinasa Opuasain ID No: 14264 Session: February 2016 INTRODUCTION The Oxford Dictionary defines communication as â€Å"The imparting or exchanging of information by speaking, writing, or using some other medium †. According to the Merriam-Webster Dictionary, communication is a process by which informationRead Morenvq level 5 leadership and management in health and social care unit 11041 Words   |  5 Pagesdifferent forms of communication within my job role. Interpersonal skills are those skills that enable me to interact with another person, allowing me to communicate successfully with them.    Good communication skills are vital for working in Health Social Care as they help to:    * Develop positive relationships with service users and their family and friends, so they can understand and meet their needs.    * Develop positive  relationships with work colleagues and other professionals.    * Share informationRead MoreNvq 4 Health and Social Care Unit 48 Project on Management Essay3324 Words   |  14 PagesLevel 4 Unit 48 Project on Management Management styles are characteristic ways of making decisions and relating to subordinates. This idea was further developed by Robert Tannenbaum and Warren H. Schmidt (1958, 1973), who argued that the style of leadership is dependent upon the prevailing circumstance; therefore leaders should exercise a range of management styles and should deploy them as appropriate. Management skills can be learned and developed. Management skills involve the importanceRead MoreDevelop Health and Safety and Risk Management Policies, Procedures and Practices in Health and Social Care or Children and Young Peoples Settings1566 Words   |  7 PagesDevelop Health and Safety and Risk Management Policies, Procedures and Practices in Health and Social Care or Children and Young People’s Settings Bumuo ng kalusugan,kaligtasan at patakaran sa pamamahala sa peligro, Pamamaraan at kasanayan sa kalusugan at panlipunang pag-aalaga, o sa mga bata at mga kabataan The legislative framework for health and safety: Difference between two types of legislation. The ACT and REGULATION. An act is passed by Parliament, which is the highest formRead MoreCU2939 – Develop Health and Safety and risk Management Policies, Procedures and Practices in Health and Social Care or Children and Young People Settings.684 Words   |  3 PagesDevelop Health and Safety and risk Management Policies, Procedures and Practices in Health and Social Care or Children and Young People Settings. The basis of the British Health and Safety Law is The Health and Safety at Work Act 1974. This act sets out duties which employers have towards employees and members of the public e.g. volunteers, students, visitors, other professionals etc. This also sets out duties for employees to have towards each other. This setting believes that the health and safetyRead MoreDescribe the Importance of Quality Leadership and the Difference Between Leadership and Management Within a Health and Social Care Environment, and Explain the Ethical Value Framework Leaders of Services Should Adhere to3762 Words   |  16 PagesFOUNDATION DEGREE IN HEALTH AND SOCIAL CARE MANAGEMENTETHICS, LEADERSHIP AND INTERPROFESSIONAL WORKING IN HEALTH AND SOCIAL CAREHS4501-40Describe The Importance Of Quality Leadership And The Difference Between Leadership And Management Within A Health And Social Care Environment, And Explain The Ethical Value Framework Leaders Of Services Should Adhere To STUDENT ID: 213599 06/05/2011 WORD COUNT 3,606 | | Read MoreCase Management : An Effective Component Of Health And Behavioral Health Service Delivery1137 Words   |  5 PagesCase management can be traced back to 1890 -1910 during the Settlement House era where professionals guided families through public services, mobilized communities, and empowered people to seek a better quality of life. These early professionals pioneered the practice of building relationships, negotiating fractured services, and educating individuals; all critical aspects of case management today (Dziegielewski, 2013, p. 312). Since 1975 case management services have been gaining support and beingRead MoreSocial Workers : A Medical Social Worker Essay1423 Words   |  6 PagesThere are many different types of social workers; Lexi is a medical social worker that works for the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) at the Sepulveda Ambulatory Care Center (SACC) in primary care. She’s been a medical social worker for over thirteen-years and expresses that she loves what she does. This paper will discuss Lexi’s role in her department, role of the interdisciplinary practice, discuss the NASW code of ethics, and review which care management models/brief interventions are beingRead MoreManaging Entreprise On Health Care Sector1697 Words   |  7 Pages DIPLOMA IN HEALTH SERVICES MANAGEMENT LEVEL 7 MANAGING ENTREPRISE IN HEALTH CARE SECTOR Assignment 1: ENTREPRENEURSHIP PROGRAMME LEADER: KAYLENE TRIBE Submitted by: Ligi Varghese- CIB00002LV (2B) Submitted on: 27-02-2015 Entrepreneurship is an important element

The Film Rocky Horror Picture Show The Character Dr. Frank...

In the film Rocky Horror Picture Show the character Dr. Frank-N-Furter sings the words, â€Å"So I’ll remove the cause, but not the symptom† (O’Brien). In this cult classic musical written by Richard O’Brien follows a newly engaged couple through a sexual journey as they lose their innocence and start to conform to traditional gender stereotypes. Today the youth of America are being bombarded with conflicting ideas about gender, race and sex. These conflicting ideas can lead to skewed visions on what defines masculinity and furthermore what defines femininity. Furthermore, sexual assault on college campuses by men and particularly student athletes have come to the forefront of many news headlines in recent years and while some believe that sexual assault stems from â€Å"locker room culture†, rather it stems from a skewed sense of masculinity that has been created over the years of consuming media. Many try to educate these same men on what defines consent and how to properly act in sexual situations, but this is merely trying put a temporary solution on a much larger issue. If people wanted the systemic issue of sexual assault to be reduced, then the root cause must be removed. A twisted view of masculinity is the root cause of many sexual assault because a twisted view of masculinity causes unhealthy understanding of sexuality and consent. Three main terms will be used in this essay and require a definition as to avoid confusion. Masculinity is defined by Merriam-Webster as,Show MoreRelatedProject Managment Case Studies214937 Words   |  860 PagesEDITION - PROJECT MANAGEMENT CASE STUDIES, SECOND EDITION HAROLD KERZNER, Ph.D. Division of Business Administration Baldwin-Wallace College Berea, Ohio John Wiley Sons, Inc. This book is printed on acid-free paper. @ Copyright O 2006 by John Wiley Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Published by John Wiley Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey Published simultaneously in Canada No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form

Publications Examiner Ship Friel Stafford -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Publications Examiner Ship Friel Stafford? Answer: Introducation The research in business management is systematic in nature. It is undertaken to elucidate concept behind the business and management. Three distinctive focuses of the business and management research includes (i) the manner in which researchers drag information framed by other disciplines. (ii) Managers are busy people and thus they are unlikely to enable the access of their research unless it has commercial or personal advantages. (iii) The research requirement must have practical consequences thus it needs to contain a prospective. This prospective will take into account the practical consequences of the research findings (Easterby-Smith Thorpe and Lowe 2002). What are the differences between basic, applied and pseudo research? Basic, pure or fundamental research is undertaken to analyse the process of business, its management, and its relative outcome. This pure form of research is performed in the universities with an academic agenda(Saunders, Lewis and Thornhill 2012). The research that is of recent relevance to the organisations managers working in corporate organization is termed as applied research(Saunders, Lewis and Thornhill 2012). Difference between Basic and Applied research Research projects, which are carried out for the sake of proving a prior established opinion is known as pseudo research. It is intentionally slanted to arrive at a pre-determined result. However, pseudo research is at times considered waste to time and unethical(Smith and Albaum 2005). How would you generate and refine research ideas? There is a range of different techniques that can be employed to select the topic of the research or to frame research idea. The generation and refinement of the research idea can be done via a perfect amalgamation of rational thinking and creative thinking. Under the banner of rational thinking there lies examination of the own strength (strength of the research, over viewing the past project titles literature search and discussion. Under creative thinking, a research needs to practice of habit of keeping a notebook and noting down the personal preferences viaemploying previous projects and brainstormingevents (Saunders, Lewis and Thornhill 2012). What would you consider when specifying research questions and objectives? The starting point of framing a research question is to initiate with one general focus research questions that meander with the idea of the research. Clough and Nutbrown (2002), proposed the application of Glodilocks test to decide either the question is too big, too small, too hot or just right. The research questions that are too big, demand significant research finding supported by numerous research resources. The research questions that are too small are insufficient while those, which are too hot, are sensitive questions. The just right research question is best for that span of time when the investigation is being done. The pitfall that must be avoided while framing research question is framing research objectives that is not capable of generating new insight(Saunders, Lewis and Thornhill 2012). What are the purposes of conducting a critical literature review? Critical review of literature provide the foundation upon which the research with be built. In deductive approach of research, critical review of literature helps in the identification of the theories or ideas that will be tested via using data evolving from the research. In inductive approach of the research, the data that is evolved is used to frame new theories via relating it with the framework generated in the critical review of literature (Saunders, Lewis and Thornhill 2012). The importance of critical review of literature is Refinement of the research question Highlighting the research possibilities Discovering explicit recommendations for future research Avoidance of repetitive work Discovering and providing insight to new research approach References Clough, P. and Nutbrown, C., 2012.A student's guide to methodology. London, Sage. Easterby-Smith, M., Thorpe, R. and Lowe, A., 2002. Management research methods.London: Sage Publications Examinership-Friel Stafford, Available from www. liquidation. ie. Saunders, M., Lewis, P., and Thornhill, A.., 2012.Research methods for business students, 5/e. Pearson Education Harlow. Smith, S.M. and Albaum, G.S., 2005.Fundamentals of marketing research. Sage.

Lord Of The Flies Essays (910 words) - English-language Films, Films

Lord Of The Flies All humans have free will. All the major characters in Lord of the Flies are human! And to take it one step further they are children. I think this is reason enough to explain why there are significant weaknesses in their personalities, which in the end lead to develop chaos on the island. Most of these weaknesses are exposed through out the book by temptation. When on this island the boys lose sight of sense and being rescued by taking up practices and adventures such as hunting and tribal dances. Take Jack for example, in our modern day society, the kind of child that Jack is would simply be labeled a ?little snot.' He is a arrogant, power thirsting boy who craves stature and knows how to reach the top; he could be compared to a ruthless businessman of our times. If we were to label his personality weaknesses I would easily make the word length requirement for this essay, but when summarized they all come down to evil. In the Lord of the Flies, Jack is indeed responsible for a majority of bad events and trickery. Whether it is stealing fire, even though it would have been given, or leading people away from the one person who wants to help them and get them saved. This to me shows a comparison to Satan and Jesus. In the bible we are told that in order to be saved, (rescued) we are to stay with Jesus. Satan then comes and lures people away with trickery and adventures and makes Jesus despised and a outcast. Jack much like Satan tempted the children to join his camp through games, meat and hunting. Also Ralph much like Jesus offered a stable but fulfilled life through shelters, rules and regulations. Ralph does not impose these rules to be cruel and mean, but so things run in order and everyone is benefited. When comparing Ralph to Jesus it is only in the fact that in order for people to be saved they should follow Ralph, but Jack tempts them and they leave. Because Ralph himself although a better and fairer leader is not at all perfect and has significant weakness in his personality as well. Ralph to falls victim to the temptation of hunting and savagery and on page 188 he joins in with the murder of Simon. Jack invites everyone to his camp for a feast of meat that they gained through a bloody death of a sow. Ralph goes to have a look and is curious through this temptation and then gets caught up in the dance and murder frenzy. In the Lord of the Flies Piggy seems to take up the role of a disabled person, he can never join in and is constantly teased for this reason of simply being different. This creates a extremely low self-esteem problem and this brings out his personality weaknesses. Piggy always has a suggestion at the assemblies and always gives his point of view, by doing this I believe he makes himself venerable and the others take advantage. When Ralph made up the rules of the conch on page 43, Piggy is the first boy to take the conch out of Ralph's hand and say something. To me this shows that for Piggy to gather up confidence he needs to look outside of himself for a source of power. This is shown in chapter 5, Best on Water, when Ralph made a remark about Piggy sticking up to Jack, and Piggy says ?I had the conch, I had the right to speak? without this right I doubt that Piggy would stand up for himself. Piggy lives for the rules and is the only one who truly lives by them and I think this is sy mbolized by it being smashed when the massive boulder kills Piggy. Although the Island itself can't be described as a character it is in a way similar. It at first seems perfect like the Garden of Eden and all things function perfectly, or do they? For example in what sort of paradise would the fruit give diarrhea and stomach cramps. Also every time the boys venture inside the jungle it is mentioned that

The Psychology interpretation of DREAMS

The Psychology interpretation of DREAMS Free Online Research Papers Dreams can be very coincidental and mysterious. Throughout history dreams have been associated with revelation and prophecy. And so the story goes, that a dream revealed the molecular structure of carbon to a scientist.[1] And so, just as we can wonder what a certain dream means to the dreamer, we can argue about what causes dreams in the first place. Yet, in spite of modern science, dreams still remain mysterious. In this paper I will; give some interesting information I learned about dreams and psychology. Sigmund Freud once called dreams the â€Å"Royal road, to the unconscious,† and I think that statement will remain true in psychology forever. Freud’s well-known text, The Interpretation of Dreams, contains some of his greatest work. I cant even begin to summarize Freud’s work here, but I will point out that Freud believed every dream is a wish fulfillment, and he kept this theory to the end, even though he gave up his idea that all dreams have a sexual content. For Freud, the concept of wish fulfillment didn’t necessarily mean that a pleasure was what the person is looking for, because a person could just as well have a wish to be punished. Although, this idea of â€Å"secret† wishes hidden in dreams remains most important to classical Freudian theories. Of course, there are other ideas about dreams besides Freudian theories. Some people believe that dreams have certain specific meanings. It’s said that if you dream about oranges, it means good health; if you dream about onions, it means hard work, and so on. You can even buy â€Å"dictionaries† of dream interpretation. Then there are modern scientists who claim that dreams are nothing more than images resulting from random electrical activity in the brain, as it cleans house during the night. And then there are those who accept the unconscious importance of dreams and see them as more than wish fulfillment; I find dreams to be valuable hints about how to improve our lives- and even keep us from self-destructing. To use dream material in a clinical way, in what is called -psychotherapy-, people need to realize that we never use the actual dream itself. That might sound weird, but think about it. When you tell someone about a dream, it’s impossible to pick apart the jumble of images that you perceived while you were sleeping. All you can do is put the dream into words in an imperfect attempt to describe what you experienced. So, in the end, to talk about the dream you really talk about the text of your perception of the dream. Text, stands for, language, and, it’s already a form of interpretation of the actual experience. So does it even matter if the images came to you because of random electrical activity, or because of that greasy pizza you ate before going to bed, or whether they are revelations from your unconscious mind? Your attempt to make sense of those images, wherever they came from, reveals something about your current emotional state of mind. The clinical work of dream interpretation, involves three things. First, you need a written text of the dream. It’s best if you write it down right after you wake up from the dream. But sometimes it’s possible to remember a dream- or a piece of the dream- that you haven’t written down, so whoever you are telling the dream to can write down what you say. Second, you have to describe and understand the psychological associations to the different images in the dream. These associations must come from your personal life, not from a â€Å"dictionary† of dreams. This means asking yourself, â€Å"When you think of this particular dream image, what other things come to mind?† Such as, dreaming about Mrs. Smith from your childhood, for example, doesn’t necessarily â€Å"mean† anything, but what you thought about Mrs. Smith when you were a child- like, what her life, behaviors, and values suggested to you then- might have something to say about the problems you struggle with today. Third, you have to discover the links between all these associations. This process is a bit like those â€Å"connect the dots† puzzles that reveal a hidden picture. Psychologically, you simply need to understand what this set of associations from the dream is telling you specifically, at this exact time of your life, about your current problems and conflicts . Quite often, these associations are purely emotional; meaning, you can take a graphic dream image, examine your emotional reactions to it, look back into your past for times when you felt the same emotions, and then ask yourself in what way those situations from the past have any influence on what is happening in your life now. Here are some helpful and interesting points about dream interpretation:It’s easy to forget your dreams. In order to interpret your dreams you have to remember them, so forgetting them is a real problem. In fact, those who chronically forget their dreams tend to claim that they don’t dream. Dreams are remembered only if you wake up during, or just at the end of, a dream. But if you just turn over and fall asleep again, you’re not likely to remember a thing in the morning. So to remember a dream you have to write it down as soon as you wake up from it. It helps to keep a note pad and a pen by your bed- and tell yourself, before you fall asleep, that you want to write down any dreams you can remember that night. Dreams often mean the opposite of what they seem to mean. The technical, psychoanalytic explanation for this is complicated, but it has to do with the fact that we often see our own desires as they are reflected (and mirror-reversed) through others. For example, if you dream that you’re embarrassed for being in public without clothes, it likely means that you have a deep unconscious need for some hidden aspect of your being to be shown to others in its â€Å"naked truth.† You don’t have to interpret your dreams in order to solve your problems. But just as there is the saying that â€Å"Death cures cigarette smoking,† you might find that listening to your dreams may help you solve your problems before you run out of time. Similarly, although dream analysis does not necessarily have to be a part of your well being, your understanding of yourself can be enhanced if you make the effort to interpret your dreams. But understand there are other great things you can do that have nothing to with dreams to enhance your personal well-being and solve your problems. There is so much information on dreams I have researched, but it is impossible to explain everything to you in one essay. Keep in mind that dreams are not just crazy random stories your unconscious mind makes up while your asleep, they have meaning and explanation, and can sometimes tell you things about yourself that you did not know. Dreams could also have a lot to do with images resulting from random electrical activity in your brain. In conclusion, if you are wondering what a specific dream interprets or has to do with what you are feeling inside, write it down, pick it apart, analyze it and research it, you might be very surprised at what you find. But do not stress if you cannot figure out what a dream is telling you, some are meant to remain a mystery and pose as a challenge for you to overcome in life. Research Papers on The Psychology Mind TravelThree Concepts of PsychodynamicAnalysis Of A Cosmetics AdvertisementThe Spring and AutumnHip-Hop is ArtCanaanite Influence on the Early Israelite ReligionEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenTwilight of the UAWStandardized TestingIncorporating Risk and Uncertainty Factor in Capital

Accounting Standards Boards Essay Example for Free

Accounting Standards Boards Essay ? Increased globalization in the business world has brought to fore some of the issues and challenges that multinational businesses face in financial recording and reporting of foreign based operations. With operations based in different countries that operate under different accounting principles and with varying currencies, there has been a need for the accounting principles and standards to be converged. This has in the past nine years seen the accounting policy making suggesting a complete overhaul in the way financial statements are reported and a convergence between the US’s generally accepted accounting principles (US GAAP) and the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS). This has been through various meetings between the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) and US Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB), two boards which determine these accounting standards. This paper therefore evaluates the history of the two boards and their relationship and looks at IASB equivalents to FASB original pronouncements. It also describes how a Master of Science in Accounting would prepare a student for an accounting profession. History of the Relationship between FASB and IASB US Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) is a board which is responsible for setting and improving financial accounting standards in the US and for governing and fostering preparation of financial reports by non-governmental organizations (Financial Accounting Standards Board, 2012).International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) on the other hand is also an independent board responsible for setting international financial reporting standards (IFRS Foundation, 2011). Whereas IASB and IFRS takes a principle based approach to accounting standards setting, FASB’S GAAP does this through pronouncements which are based or rules. They both put a lot of emphasis on income statements, balance sheet, statements of changes in equity and cash flow statements as key reports that are important in financial reporting. Over the past decade these two boards which determine the accounting standards in the world have been working towards ensuring that the financial reporting all over the world converges. The convergence concept first took root in the 1950s in response to the cross border capital inflows that were as a result of the economic integration after world war two. These efforts initially focused on reducing difference in accounting principles between major capital markets globally otherwise referred to as harmonization of the accounting principles. By 1990s the concept had changed into convergence which sought to build high quality financial reporting standards to be applied internationally (Financial Accounting Standards Board, 2012a). Both developed in the 1970s, FASB and IASC (international Accounting Standards Committee) a predecessor to IASB, set a trend for expanding international accounting standards and with the reorganization of IASC into IASB in 2001, the use of IFRS among various countries has progressed rapidly. For instance, over 100 countries and the European Union use these standards issued by IASB. The U.S. mainly uses its own issued US GAAP (Progress Report, 2011; Cain, 2008). IASB and FASB have been working together towards converging the IFRS and the US GAAP since 2002. Even China and Japan have been working to bring together their accounting standards with IFRS as at 2009. Over the past decade the pace of convergence has been very fast with the internationalization of standards growing rapidly. In 2010, Securities and Exchange Commission in the US issues a report supporting the convergence of these standards through incorporation of â€Å"the IFRS in the US financial system† (Financial Accounting Standards Board, 2012a). This implies that the US has been increasing exploring adopting IASB’s IFRSs, although there have been issues such as the fair value issues in IFRS and the cost of implementation that have slowed the progress. The IASB equivalents of the FASB original pronouncements As noted above, IASB’s IFRS takes a principle based approach to accounting standard setting as compared to FASB’s pronouncements which are viewed to be much stricter. In essence therefore, though IASB and FASB may address similar accounting concepts their approach to it may be different. It is these IASB’s equivalents to FASB’s pronouncements that bring the differences between GAAP and IFRS standards. Evaluating the FASB’s original pronouncements and IASB, the manner in which accounting concepts are approached can be noted. These are: whereas IASB’s IFRS requires that inventory costs of spoilage and idle capacity be excluded from the cost of inventory, FASB’s GAAP does not; IFRS requires yearly comparison of financial statements unlike US GAAP which only views comparisons as â€Å"desirable† but require three year comparisons; IFRS permits but does not require reporting of â€Å"comprehensive income† unlike US GAAP which requires it; IFRS classifies liabilities as non-current if refinancing is complete before the date of the balance sheet unlike GAAP which classifies it as so, if refinancing is completed before the financial statements are issued; and prohibition of extraordinary items from the financial reports by IFRS unlike GAAP which permits but to a restricted items which affect profit and loss (Deloitte, 2004; FASB Report, 2002). Other accounting concepts that differ between IASB and FASB’s original pronouncements are that IFRS requires that LIFO method of determining inventory cost be prohibited in IAS 2, unlike US GAAP which permits LIFO in SFAS 151, and that IFRS requires reversal of inventory write downs if given criteria are met unlike US GAAP which prohibits it. In addition FASB permits that inventory at net value be measured even if it is above cost unlike IFRS which restricts this to producers and broker-dealers inventories. FASB classifies the interest received and paid as operating activity in the cash flow statement unlike IASB which may classify it as financing, investing or operating activity. This leaves room for a number of interpretations. Furthermore, though FASB excludes overdrafts from cash, IASB includes it if it forms a critical and integral part of an organization’s cash base or cash management (Deloitte, 2004; FASB Report, 2002). Other IASB equivalents to FASB pronouncements are enumerated as shown below (Deloitte, 2004; FASB Report, 2002): -IFRS restates previous financial statements in the event of non-mandated changes in accounting policy, unlike FASB which includes cumulative effects current financial statement’s net loss and profits -IASB uses change in estimated method to evaluate changes in depreciation of assets, unlike FASB which used change in accounting policy that is the net profit or loss cumulative effect. -IASB uses cost recovery method for construction contracts when the completed percentage cannot be determined for sure unlike the USA GAAP which uses completed contract method -IASB does not recognize deferred tax due to the an asset or liability transaction that doesn’t affect accounting or taxable profit and is not a business combination in IAS 12 unlike the US GAAP recognizes this these through its lack of â€Å"initial recognition exemption† as addressed in SFAS 109. -US GAAP has special exemptions due to the provision of deferred tax such as leveraged leasing, intangible developments in the gas and oil industry and undistributed earnings -IASB uses a tax rate that is â€Å"substantially enacted† to measure deferred tax liabilities and assets, which can be left to a lot of interpretations, unlike FASB’s enacted tax rate which is sure and consistent -IASB uses rate applicable to undistributed earnings of an organization to measure the deferred tax on those earnings , unlike FASB which uses the higher of the tax rate between the one applicable to undistributed profits and the one applicable to distributed profits as addressed in SFAS 109 -IASB recognizes expense for share-based payment based on fair value of the payment whereas FASB recognizes this based on intrinsic value at grant date -IASB measures business combinations on the date of the acquisition whereas FASB does this on the date of consummation or closing date -IASB requires that recognizing a liability prior to acquisition restructuring be only if the one being acquired recognizes it under IAS 37, this is unlike FASB which recognizes it if the acquisition has already began -IASB recognizes in process R&D as an intangible finite asset or good will, unlike FASB which recognizes it as expense How MSA Program prepares student for professional Accounting A Master of Science in accounting program is very important for anyone who intends to pursue an accounting career in the future. This program prepares a student by providing knowledge on the various accounting principles that need be applied in accounting profession. It also makes a student be aware of the various accounting standards that are existing in the world, how each differ, and how accounting records and done in each. In addition such a program provides analytical and critical thinking abilities. In addition, it offers a global perspective on accounting practices and business issues and provides a framework for effective development for team building and leadership skills, and ethical decision making in business. Lastly it will enhance interpersonal and communications skills through interactions which seek to learn ways of solving problems and issues in the accounting and finance realm. All these are critical for a career as an accountant. Conclusion This paper has discussed the history of the FASB and IASB boards and their relationship and has looked at IASB equivalents to FASB original pronouncements. It has shown that standardized management accounting and controlling concepts that transcend national boundaries are increasingly needed with concern on the need of an internationalized Accounting and financial reporting standard to help in comparing of financial statements of countries from different countries and also to make it efficient and less costly for multinational companies when they are conducting financial reporting of their performance. IASB and FASB have made tremendous progress thus fur in their bid to converge the global accounting standards. Accounting Standards Boards. (2016, May 05).

Designing Learning and Development Activities Essay

Designing Learning and Development Activities - Essay Example The essay "Designing Learning and Development Activities" analyzes the required factors to make a successful learning session. The paper also overviews the methods available to assess learning and performance. There are numerous methods available to assess learning and performance although the most vital factor in selecting the assessment tool should base on the type of audience, experience, education, venue and subject matter. In adult learning theories and Andragogical learning phenomena, the most effective way of adult learning is self-directed and experiential learning, where a participant can experience the problem first hand and propose a solution for it. Such activities are more effective in groups since brainstorming can provide alternatives. The culture and environment of the organization can impact the training, if an organization has a culture that is redundant to change with no regards to self-improvement or learning activities; learning activities would not be fruitful and participants would yawn in even the most appropriate training session with a lot of exciting and job relevant activities. Learning methods range from one-sided lecture-like training to facilitator based learning sessions. Both methodologies have their pros and cons although both are still used widely in organizations depending on the type of training and intended audience. A one-sided training is suitable for learning sessions that are general in nature, for example, code of conduct or explaining a policy to the employees.